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Connection involving temperature as well as COVID-19 transmitting throughout 153 countries.
Aim Roles of forced running exercise (FE) in remediation of neurogenesis inhibition and radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction were investigated in a whole-brain irradiation mice model via the regulation of DNA 5-hydroxymethylation modification (5 hmC) and its catalytic enzymes ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins. Materials & methods Hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, DNA 5 hmC level and Tet expression were determined in mice. Results The expression of DNA 5 hmC and Tet2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly decreased in hippocampus postradiation. ODM208 cell line FE mitigated radiation-induced neurogenesis deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, FE increased 5 hmC and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. SC1, a Tet inhibitor, reversed partly such changes. Conclusion Tet-mediated 5 hmC modification represents a kind of diagnostic biomarkers of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Targeting Tet-related epigenetic modification may be a novel therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced brain injury.OBJECTIVE In patients with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), medial displacement of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) may increase the risk of vascular injury during the surgical correction of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Some surgeons advocate the use of vascular imaging studies prior to surgery. Nevertheless, the role of preoperative imaging is still controversial. This study aimed to review the current practice of the UK cleft units and also examine our own practice at the Evelina London Children's Hospital in relation to children with VCFS undergoing speech surgery over the previous 7 years. DESIGN A questionnaire was sent to all UK cleft surgeons to enquire about the management and use of preoperative vascular imaging in patients with VPD and VCFS. A retrospective study was also conducted of the unit's 7-year series of patients with VPD and VCFS. RESULTS Thirty-four completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 100%). Most UK surgeons (73.5%) do not regularly order preoperative vascular imaging for patients with VCFS although some reportedly would consider it if a posterior pharyngeal wall pulsation was visible. In our unit, between 2013 and 2019, a total of 40 patients affected by VCFS have been assessed for VPD. A magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed for 23 patients. Medial deviation of the ICAs was identified in 7 (30%) patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of the national survey showed no consensus on routine use of preoperative vascular imaging. Our retrospective study showed a 30% prevalence of medialized ICAs in our patient cohort. In these patients, the MRA findings influenced the choice of speech surgery.Needle biopsy is a well-established component in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The biopsy is usually performed with an ultrasound guidance and consists of either fine-needle aspiration or core needle biopsy. Although these terms are often used interchangeably, their difference is important. To our knowledge, we discuss the first reported case of biopsy-proven laryngeal nerve injury and permanent vocal fold paralysis following ultrasound-guided core biopsy of the thyroid. We advocate this complication be discussed as part of the consent process.Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common laryngeal tumors, and its incidence is increasing yearly; however, whether lymph node dissection should be performed during surgery remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 246 cases of LSCC and developed a nomogram for the prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) of LSCC. The predictive performance and consistency of the model were evaluated using the consistency coefficient (C-index) and calibration curve, respectively. Among 246 cases of LSCC, 52 cases had metastasis with a positivity rate of 21.14%. Multivariate analyses showed that dysphagia, clinical T stage, and pathological differentiation were independent risk factors for LNM in LSCC. The accuracy of the contour map used to predict the risk for LNM was 0.809. Overall, this nomogram model can be used to evaluate LNM in patients with LSCC before surgery to decide whether to conduct neck dissection and improve patient prognosis.Significance Bioactive sulfur species such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), persulfide species (R-SnSH, n ≥ 1), hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n ≥ 2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon disulfide (CS2) participate in various physiological and/or pathological pathways such as vasodilation, apoptosis, inflammation, and energy metabolism regulation. The oxidation state of the individual sulfur species endows them unique biological activities. Recent Advances There have been great strides made in achieving molecular understanding of the sulfur-signaling processes. Critical Issues The development of various chemical tools that deliver reactive sulfur species in a controllable manner has played an important role in understanding the different roles of various sulfur species. In this review, we focus on three types of sulfur species, including persulfide, SO2, and CS2. Starting with a brief introduction of their physiological functions, we will then assess the various drug delivery strategies to generate persulfide species, SO2, and CS2 as research tools and potentially as therapeutic agents. Future Directions Development of donors of various sulfur species that respond to distinct stimulus is critical for this field. Another key to the long-term success of this field is the identification of an area of unmet medical need that can be addressed with these sulfur species.OBJECTIVES (1) To assess the evolution of prepalatoplasty sleep oximetry (PRESO) and postpalatoplasty sleep oximetry (POSSO) in cleft patients and (2) to evaluate the impact of the size of the nasopharynx on PRESO and POSSO values. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 81 patients with cleft palate and/or cleft lip, the following data were prospectively collected patient demographics and prepalatoplasty cleft palate measurements. All the patients had at least 1 PRESO and POSSO. A Kaplan-Meier curve was obtained from all the sleep oximetry results. Transverse nasopharyngeal area (TNA) pre- and postvalues were compared for each group with paired t tests, while analysis of variance was used to compare TNA pre- and postscores between the groups with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS POSSO results were normal or showed mild desaturations in most patients in the few weeks following palatoplasty. For the cohort, no statistically significant changes were found between PRESO and POSSO values.
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