Notes

A conclusion of the relationship between bulk, metabolic rate and also characteristic length regarding placental mammals.
pies. Further exploration of apatinib combined with etoposide capsules in phase III trials is warranted.
Apatinib combined with etoposide capsules exhibits efficacy and has an acceptable safety profile. It could be used as a later-line treatment for ES-SCLC patients who have been heavily pretreated with standard therapies. Further exploration of apatinib combined with etoposide capsules in phase III trials is warranted.
Plasma epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation tests are widely used when non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients acquire resistance to EGFR inhibitors. We comprehensively evaluated the clinical utility of plasma EGFR test.

We screened NSCLC patients who had a plasma EGFR test upon acquiring resistance to first- or second-generation EGFR inhibitors. Plasma EGFR tests were performed with the EGFR mutation test.

A total of 355 patients were tested for plasma EGFR mutations, and T790M was detected in 83 patients (23%). Of 79 patients who were tested multiple times, T790M was newly detected in 13 subsequent plasma tests. When initial plasma tests did not detect any EGFR mutation types, the detection rate of T790M in subsequent tests was very low (9%, 5/56), while detection rates of T790M in subsequent tests increased (35%, 8/23) in those individuals in whom sensitizing mutations had been detected in the initial plasma test (P=0.005). Paired plasma and tissue EGFR test results were available forsue or plasma) should be submitted for further testing.
We aim to establish neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) related nomograms based on the clinical data and peripheral blood markers to predict the survivals of patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

A total of 299 LS-SCLC patients after surgery were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to select independent prognostic factors to develop the nomograms and then subjected to bootstrap internal validation. The optimal cutoff value of NLR and PLR before surgery was calculated by X-tile (version 3.6.1) and the overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test.

According to the X-tile calculation, the NLR value and PLR cutoff values are 2.6 and 156.7, respectively. The prognosis of patients with elevated NLR or PLR value was significantly worse than patients with lower NLR (HR =1.798, 95% CI 1.284-2.518, P=0.001) or PLR (HR =1.781, 95% CI 1.318-2.407, P<0.001) value. Two Nomograms were developed according to the two multivariate cox regression models based on NLR and PLR. see more Concordance index (C-index) curves and calibration curves show that the two models have a better effect in predicting prognosis. At the same time, compared with the tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system, our models also show better accuracy and stability.

Elevated NLR and PLR predict poor prognosis in their respective nomograms in patients with LS-SCLC.
Elevated NLR and PLR predict poor prognosis in their respective nomograms in patients with LS-SCLC.
The homeobox A9 gene encodes a transcription factor, and aberrantly methylated homeobox A9 in the circulation has been suggested as a prognostic marker in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of methylated homeobox A9 in plasma from patients with advanced NSCLC.

Blood samples were prospectively collected from patients with NSCLC stage III and IV receiving standard first line chemotherapy. Sampling took place before treatment initiation and subsequently before each treatment cycle. Plasma was stored at -80 °C until analysis. DNA was extracted, and following bisulfite conversion methylated homeobox A9 was analyzed by methylation specific droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Detection of methylated homeobox A9 was assessed as a binary variable. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

A total of 231 patients were included. At baseline methylated homeobox A9 was detected in 78.5% of the patients with a clear correlfter the first treatment cycle may serve as a valuable prognostic marker in patients with advanced NSCLC. Routine clinical application with treatment reconsideration calls for further studies, preferably in prospective clinical trials.
Fruquintinib is an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor. Previous gefitinib studies with anti-angiogenics show promising efficacy. This phase II trial assessed efficacy and safety of fruquintinib in combination with gefitinib, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Fifty patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon-19 deletion or exon-21 L858R mutation were enrolled between January 2017 and June 2019. Per protocol (version 1.0), patients received 4 mg fruquintinib once daily (qd) Days 1-21 of Cycle 1, using a 3-week-on/1-week-off schedule, plus continuous gefitinib 250 mg qd. If tolerated, patients proceeded to fruquintinib 5 mg qd (fruquintinib 5 mg group, n=26). Following protocol updates, dose escalation of fruquintinib from 4 mg qd to 5 mg qd was not allowed. The primary efficacy endpoint was objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), time to response, duration of response and adverse events (AEs).

ORR was 73.5% (95% CI, 58.9-85.1) and DCR was 98.0% (95% CI, 89.2-100.0). Median PFS was 14.7 months for both groups; PFS was highest for patients with exon-19 deletion (16.5 months; 95% CI, 12.9-21.2). Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent AEs occurred in 17 (65.3%; fruquintinib 5 mg,) and 11 patients (45.8%; 4 mg). Serious AEs were recorded for nine patients (fruquintinib 5 mg, six patients; 4 mg, three).

Fruquintinib and gefitinib treatment showed an acceptable safety profile and promising efficacy in patients with NSCLC.
Fruquintinib and gefitinib treatment showed an acceptable safety profile and promising efficacy in patients with NSCLC.
In the current analysis, we characterize the prognostic significance of
mutations with concomitant copy number aberrations (CNA) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and evaluate the ability to predict survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Clinical and genomic data from the LACE (Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation)-Bio consortium was utilized. CNAs were categorized as Gain (CN ≥2) or Neutral (Neut)/Loss;
status was defined as wild type (WT) or mutant (MUT). The following groups were compared in all patients and the adenocarcinoma subgroup, and were correlated to survival endpoints using a Cox proportional hazards model WT + Neut/Loss (reference), WT + Gain, MUT + Gain and MUT + Neut/Loss. A treatment-by-variable interaction was added to evaluate predictive effect.

Of the 946 (399 adenocarcinoma) NSCLC patients, 41 [30] had MUT + Gain, 145 [99] MUT + Neut/Loss, 125 [16] WT + Gain, and 635 [254] WT + Neut/Loss. A non-significant trend towards worse lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS; HR =1.
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