Notes

Strategy for telangiectasias and also reticular blood vessels.
The main objective of this study was to compare radiologists' performance without and with artificial intelligence (AI) assistance for the detection of bone fractures from trauma emergencies.

Five hundred consecutive patients (232 women, 268 men) with a mean age of 37±28 (SD) years (age range 0.25-99 years) were retrospectively included. Three radiologists independently interpreted radiographs without then with AI assistance after a 1-month minimum washout period. The ground truth was determined by consensus reading between musculoskeletal radiologists and AI results. Patient-wise sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for fracture detection and reading time were compared between unassisted and AI-assisted readings of radiologists. Their performances were also assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

AI improved the patient-wise sensitivity of radiologists for fracture detection by 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14-26), P< 0.001) and their specificity by 0.6% (95% CI -0.9-1.5; P=0.47). It increased the PPV by 2.9% (95% CI 0.4-5.4; P=0.08) and the NPV by 10% (95% CI 6.8-13.3; P < 0.001). Thanks to AI, the area under the ROC curve for fracture detection of readers increased respectively by 10.6%, 10.2% and 9.9%. Their mean reading time per patient decreased by respectively 10, 16 and 12s (P < 0.001).

AI-assisted radiologists work better and faster compared to unassisted radiologists. AI is of great aid to radiologists in daily trauma emergencies, and could reduce the cost of missed fractures.
AI-assisted radiologists work better and faster compared to unassisted radiologists. AI is of great aid to radiologists in daily trauma emergencies, and could reduce the cost of missed fractures.
Orchalgia is a common andrological disorder and usually results from pathognomonic change of testes and regional structures. However, responsible cause is still unknown in more than one-fourth of patients.

We report two men who initially suffered an acute, isolated orchalgia and posteriorly complicated with paraparesis. They had previous history of prostate cancer and cervical myelitis. The urological examination was negative in both of them. Finally, prostate cancer metastasis and recurrent myelitis at T2/3 level was identified, respectively. Although their orchalgia progressively subsided, their urological, sexual and neurological dysfunction persisted.

In the literature, the responsible pathology of spinal orchalgia was exclusively found below T10 level, frequently delaying affirmative diagnosis. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of spinal cord above T10 level should be alerted for idiopathic orchalgia with a pre-existing history or risk of spinal cord disorder and a negative urological examination.
In the literature, the responsible pathology of spinal orchalgia was exclusively found below T10 level, frequently delaying affirmative diagnosis. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of spinal cord above T10 level should be alerted for idiopathic orchalgia with a pre-existing history or risk of spinal cord disorder and a negative urological examination.
Throughout the years, clinicians dealing with pediatric urology disorders have resorted to bladder augmentation (BA), a demanding surgical procedure, to preserve renal functions in sundry congenital urinary tract defects. This study aimed to reveal the very long-term outcomes of BA in a large sample of pediatric patients and the role of underlying disease on renal prognosis after BA.

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 children with congenital urinary defects who underwent BA. The utilized augmentation technique, the location of ureter implantation, complications, and ultrasonography findings were analyzed. Data on serum creatinine levels were collected from preoperative records and anniversaries following BA.

Among 54 children, 33 (61.1%) were boys. Diagnoses were spinal dysraphism (SD) (n = 13), posterior urethral valve (PUV) (n = 8), bladder exstrophy (n = 32) and trauma (n = 1). The median follow-up duration was 18 (3-31) years. The comparisons of serum creatinine levels between groups revealed that, despite no meaningful difference was present between bladder exstrophy and PUV group in the preoperative period and postoperative 1st year, cases with PUV had significantly higher levels of serum creatinine levels in the following postoperative years. Therewithal compared with the SD group, subjects with PUV had significantly higher levels at the postoperative 2nd year (P = .035) and 10th year (P = .006).

In our study, significantly long-term follow-up outcomes could facilitate the pre- and postoperative approach for enterocystoplasty in children. According to our results, it is noteworthy that kidney functions are at high risk of worsening in subjects with PUV and underwent BA.
In our study, significantly long-term follow-up outcomes could facilitate the pre- and postoperative approach for enterocystoplasty in children. According to our results, it is noteworthy that kidney functions are at high risk of worsening in subjects with PUV and underwent BA.
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a malignant urothelial carcinoma with a high mortality rate. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death and functions in suppressing tumor growth and progression. However, few studies focus on ferroptosis and BLCA.

We explored the potential oncogenic roles of ferroptosis-related genes in BLCA based on multiple public datasets. We then used univariate and multivariate cox regression to build a new survival model based on ferroptosis-related genes to predict the survival of BLCA.

We found that 23 ferroptosis-related genes had a strong correlation with each other in BLCA. Eight ferroptosis-related genes, CDKN1A, HSPA5, NFE2L2, MT1G, FANCD2, CISD1, TFRC, NCOA4, had a significantly different expression and heat-map. HSPA5 and CISD1 have a statistically significant difference in OS and DFS. Besides, CISD1 had an ideal nomogram to predict the 1-3-5-year OS (C-index 0.701, P < .001). Furthermore, HSPA5 and CISD1 had a lower DNA methylation rate than normal tissue and HSPA5 had a positive connection with TMB (P = .02). In addition, HSPA5 participated in the DNA replication and P53 signaling pathway, and CISD1 mediated the oxidative phosphorylation and positive regulation of the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

Ferroptosis-related genes had a strong correlation with BLCA, notably, HSPA5 and CISD1 may play a role in inducing ferroptosis to suppress bladder tumorigenesis and CISD1 can be a novel prognostic biomarker as well as an effective target for diagnosis and treatment in BLCA.
Ferroptosis-related genes had a strong correlation with BLCA, notably, HSPA5 and CISD1 may play a role in inducing ferroptosis to suppress bladder tumorigenesis and CISD1 can be a novel prognostic biomarker as well as an effective target for diagnosis and treatment in BLCA.
Patients with low-grade (LG), grade 1-2, Ta bladder cancer (BC) will frequently have a "recurrence". However, they rarely progress in stage. Although current guidelines mention surveillance and office management for these new or recurrent tumors, transurethral resection (TURBT) is the most common treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if surveillance and/or office cautery is safe.

This study was conducted as a retrospective case series analysis of 45 patients who had recurrent LG Ta appearing bladder cancer (BC) and were managed primarily with surveillance and/or office cautery. Patients with carcinoma in-situ were excluded. The primary outcome was stage progression.

Median follow up was 62 months. 41 (91%) patients did not progress in stage. Three patients recurred with HG T1 BC; one is receiving systemic immunotherapy. One patient developed HG T2 BC and was treated with a bladder preservation protocol. 40 (89%) patients underwent office cauterization. Eleven received BCG and 26 received post-cautery intravesical chemotherapy. Five (11%) patients developed HG BC during follow up. No patients died. None of the 17 (38%) Hispanic patients had progression.

Active surveillance and/or office cautery for patients with small recurrent LG Ta bladder tumors is safe, reduces cost and improves quality of life by avoiding TURBTs.
Active surveillance and/or office cautery for patients with small recurrent LG Ta bladder tumors is safe, reduces cost and improves quality of life by avoiding TURBTs.
Urinary fistula is expected to become more frequent in urological practice as a result of expanding indication of partial nephrectomy given it's oncological results equivalent to those of radical nephrectomy but at a lower risk of progression to chronic kidney disease, lower cardiovascular morbidity, and overall mortality.

Review and compare different techniques of contemporary active management for urinary fistula after partial nephrectomy.

A systematic literature search on the MEDLINE database was conducted in March 2020, combining the terms "urine leak", "urine leakage", "urinary leak" and "urinary fistula", with "partial nephrectomy", "nephron sparing surgery" and "renal sparing surgery". This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Only articles related to active treatment were eligible. Abstracts in English and Spanish from the last two decades were screened. No restriction based on study design nor the length of follow-up.

1) Leak resolution rate 2) Time course of leak resolution and 3) Number of interventions needed for resolution.

Multiple studies were found. There were no randomized controlled trials. IACS-10759 nmr Urinary fistula can be solved in many ways with active treatment, with a high success rate (97.5%), an average of 1.4 intervention-per-patients and a mean time for leak resolution of 11 days (median of 3 days).

There is a high risk of bias due to the study's methodology. There is a broad range of effective alternatives and various approaches to solve urinary fistula in an appropriate timing.
There is a high risk of bias due to the study's methodology. There is a broad range of effective alternatives and various approaches to solve urinary fistula in an appropriate timing.
Previous studies suggested that men with metastatic prostate cancer might benefit from local treatment of the primary tumor.

To determine whether radical local therapy (RLT) improves survival for men with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPCa).

This open-label randomized controlled trial included patients with newly diagnosed OMPCa defined as five or fewer bone or extrapelvic lymph node metastases and no visceral metastases.

Patients were randomly allocated to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or ADT and RLT. Men allocated RLT received either cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (RP) or prostate radiation therapy (RT) with a radical dose schedule.

The primary outcome was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival.

Between September 2015 and March 2019, 200 patients were randomized, with 100 men allocated to each group. The median age was 68 yr and the median PSA at diagnosis was 99 ng/ml.
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