Notes

Comparability involving high speed and desaturated photopic negative result in eyes regarding individuals along with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy as well as phases regarding diabetic retinopathy.
Succinylcholine is a depolarizing agent used for rapid sequence intubation (RIS). While the agent is the most widely used drug of choice in most emergency departments (EDs), the adverse effect profile is lengthy compared to nondepolarizing paralytic agents included rocuronium and vecuronium.

Our objective in this analysis is to detect potential safety signals and differences in safety related outcomes between patients that received succinylcholine compared to those that received rocuronium or vecuronium when undergoing RSI. Specifically, we asked whether there was a difference in all-cause mortality, whether succinylcholine was used in patient later found to have contraindications to the medication, as well as differences in the rates of rescue airway or difficult airway algorithms utilized.

We utilize two clinical cases as a framework to review adverse events among ED patients undergoing RSI when using succinylcholine compared to nondepolarizing agents over a 7 years' period at our institution as part depolarizing agents. Patient level data will be needed in future work to further understand why the all-cause mortality rate was higher in the group receiving rocuronium or vecuronium and whether those patients had increased risk of mortality from underlying disease at time of presentation.
While the succinylcholine adverse effect profile is concerning, data from our institution does not support removal of the agent as an available option for RSI as the mortality rate among patients receiving succinylcholine was lower than that of patients receiving non-depolarizing agents. Patient level data will be needed in future work to further understand why the all-cause mortality rate was higher in the group receiving rocuronium or vecuronium and whether those patients had increased risk of mortality from underlying disease at time of presentation.
A medical record audit is a type of quality assurance task which involves formal reviews and assessments of medical records to identify where a medical organization stands in relation to compliance and standards. A study was carried out with the objective to document the audit of the medical records in a tertiary care trauma center and suggest the corrective measures and preventive measures in case of lacunae.

A retrospective study was conducted in an apex trauma care facility of New Delhi. All the admissions on disaster bed from October 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, were evaluated. A list of 106 admissions were made using the online software at the trauma center. The files were taken from the medical record departments and compared using a checklist prepared in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the Joint Commission International.

A total of 106 admissions on disaster bed from October 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, were evaluated. The average length of stay for the disaster beds was 11.7 days1.7 days. Maximum admissions were under the neurosurgery department. selleck compound The filing and assembling of records were poor. Signature of the patient and doctor and name of the witness were missing in more than 50% of the consent forms. There was no anesthesia consent form used. The doctor daily records were poor, while the nursing records were well maintained. It is recommended to have a periodic weekly auditing to minimize chances of deficiency/misplacing of records. Periodic training sessions and workshops should be organized.
Hypertonic saline (HTS) is a pharmacologic therapy used in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) associated with cerebral edema.

The purpose of this study was to compare ICP reduction between fixed doses of 23.4% HTS and weight-based doses.

This was a retrospective study that included adult patients at a level 1 trauma center who had nonpenetrating traumatic brain injury, an ICP monitor, and received at least one dose of 23.4% HTS.

Doses were classified as either high weight-based (>0.6 ml/kg), low weight-based (<0.6 ml/kg), or standard fixed dose (30 ml). Only doses given within 5 days post-injury were evaluated. Percent reduction in ICP was compared pre- and post-dose between dosing groups, and each dose was evaluated as a separate episode.

The primary and secondary endpoints for the study were analyzed using mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis of covariance.

A total of 97 doses of HTS were evaluated. The primary endpoint of ICP reduction showed a 42.5% decrease in ICP after the administration of a high weight-based dose, a 36.7% reduction after a low weight-based dose, and a 31.5% reduction after a fixed dose. There was no significant relationship between dose group and percent change in ICP (
= 0.25). A sub-analysis of doses received within 48 h postinjury found a significant relationship between both dose group and percent change in ICP, and initial ICP and percent change in ICP (
= 0.04, and <0.0001 respectively).

Our data did not show a significant difference between fixed- and weight-based doses of 23.4% HTS for ICP reduction.
Our data did not show a significant difference between fixed- and weight-based doses of 23.4% HTS for ICP reduction.During outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and COVID 19, many Emergency Departments across the world had a reduction in the general attendance, including the attendance of more serious and critical diagnoses. Here, the author shares the numbers seen at Singapore General Hospital, the largest public hospital in Singapore during the period of February to June 2020. The reduction ranged from 13% to 28% compared to the same period in 2019, before the outbreak. Patient and healthcare system-related factors which may have caused these observations are discussed. The author also puts forth the Behavioral Immune System and Response mechanism as a possible explanation for patients staying away from the hospitals during the outbreak.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was an impetus for a multitude of transformations - from the ever-changing clinical practice frameworks, to changes in our execution of education and research. It called for our decisiveness, innovativeness, creativity, and adaptability in many circumstances. Even as care for our patients was always top priority, we tried to integrate, where possible, educational and research activities in order to ensure these areas continue to be harnessed and developed. COVID-19 provided a platform that stretched our ingenuity in all these domains. One of the mnemonics we use at SingHealth in responding to crisis is PACERS P Preparedness (in responding to any crisis, this is critical) A Adaptability (needed especially with the ever-changing situation) C Communications (the cornerstone in handling any crisis) E Education (must continue, irrespective of what) R Research (new opportunities to share and learn) S Support (both physical and psychological). This article shares our experience integrating the concept of simulation-based training, quality improvement, and failure mode analysis.
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