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Herein, a new method of iron-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of γ,δ-unsaturated aromatic oxime esters to functionalized pyrrolines has been developed. By using readily available substrates, 32 examples of functionalized pyrrolines were prepared in moderate to good yields. Notably, examples of reduction and cycloaddition reactions of the obtained product were given as well.When a particle is placed in a material with a lower bulk melting temperature, intermolecular forces can lead to the existence of a "premelted" liquid film of the lower melting temperature material. Despite the system being below the melting temperatures of both solids, the liquid film is a consequence of thermodynamic equilibrium, controlled by intermolecular, ionic and other interactions. An imposed temperature gradient drives the translation of the particle by a process of melting and refreezing known as "thermal regelation". We calculate the rate of regelation of spherical particles surrounded by premelted films that contain ionic impurities. The impurities enhance the rate of motion thereby influencing the dynamics of single particles and distributions of particles, which we describe in addition to the consequences in natural and technological settings.Size-controlled clustering of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) within the fluorescent polymer nanogels was achieved using the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) driven self-assembly and cross-linking of grafted polymer on the IONPs. The grafted polymer was comprised of oligoethyleneglycol methacrylate (OEGMA) and a novel dichloromaleimide functional methacrylate monomer as building blocks. As a result of the temperature responsive behavior of OEGMA, polymer grafted IONPs clustered to form larger nano-sized aggregates when heated above the LCST of the polymer. When these nano-sized aggregates were cross-linked using an amine-dichloromaleimide reaction, well-defined fluorescent hybrid nanogels could be fabricated. Moreover, the size of these hybrid nanogels was effectively controlled by varying the initial concentration of the polymer grafted IONPs in water.Simple, reliable and flexibly multiplexed genetic identification and quantification of microbial pathogens is in urgent need for early disease diagnosis and timely treatment. This study presented an isothermal amplification-based portable microfluidic system (iso-μmGene) with features of multi-well chips for convenient filling and reliable sealing, flexible detection throughput, and a stand-alone and well-performing point of care (POC) genetic testing device. Using disposable chips with two kinds of reaction wells (eighteen and ten wells) and a device prototype with independent four chip holders, the iso-μmGene enables on-demand analysis of different target genes in one sample per chip and one to four samples (chips) per run, requiring only a single pipetting step for dispensing per chip with dehydrated primers. To completely seal the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction system to minimize the risk of amplicon escape, a dedicated plastic shell is used to assemble the array-type chip and reliably close its openings. Meanwhile, to enhance the precision for flexibly multiplexed detection and decrease the size and cost of the device, we designed a thermoelectric cooler (TEC)-based temperature-control module including two separate units and a CCD-based fluorescence imaging module containing a linear translation stage for real-time LAMP assay. This work demonstrated applications for the parallel detection of 2-2000 CFU (colony forming units) per reaction well with good intra- and inter-chip reproducibility using the crude lysates of two aquaculture pathogens Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio harveyi. Overall, the iso-μmGene presented here possesses both a sophisticated instrument's functionality and performance and POC device's portability and cost.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that is regarded as a growing global challenge. Accumulating evidence linking gut microbiota with AD has become intriguing. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Tibetan fermented milk affected memory impairment in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice, using APP/PS1 transgenic mice as examples. We used Tibetan fermented milk (the yogurt samples with the highest microbial diversity were selected by 16S sequencing) as an intervention in such mice for 20 weeks, with aseptic maintenance feed as their basic diet. At the end of the intervention, we collected fecal samples for 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. We evaluated the effects of Tibetan fermented milk on the mice's cognitive function by behavioral examination, and deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the hippocampus and cortex of the mice by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results showed that Tibetan fermented milk could improve cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice, including spatial learning/memory and object recognition/memory. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA in mouse feces showed that Tibetan fermented milk increased intestinal microbial diversity and elevated the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium spp. Mucispirillum and Ruminiclostridium were highly abundant in APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that cognitive function was correlated negatively with Mucispirillum abundance and positively with Muribaculum and Erysipelatoclostridium abundance. Tibetan fermented milk could also reduce deposition of Aβ in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. selleck kinase inhibitor Our data suggested that long-term intake of Tibetan fermented milk had a beneficial effect on the composition of intestinal flora, which was correlated with cognitive improvements in APP/PS1 mice and seemed to help prevent and treat AD-induced cognitive decline.The self-interaction error (SIE), i.e. unphysical interactions of electrons with themselves, has plagued developers and users of Density Functional Approximations (DFAs) since the inception of Density Functional Theory (DFT). Formally, it can be separated into the one-electron and many-electron SIE; herein we present one of the most comprehensive studies of the first. While we focus mostly on the total SIE, we also make use of two different decompositions. The first is a separation into functional and density-driven errors as championed by Sim, Burke and co-workers [J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2018, 9, 6385-6392]; the second separates the error into exchange, correlation, and one-electron components, with the latter being a density error that has not been discussed in this form before. After investigating the familiar hydrogen atom and dihydrogen cation, we establish a relationship between the SIE and the nuclear charge with the help of a series of heavier hydrogenic analogues. For the mononuclear systems and the diatomics at the dissociation limit, this relationship is linear in nature with prominent exceptions, mostly belonging to the Minnesota and range-separated (double-)hybrid DFAs.
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