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Molecular Characterization involving Grain Red stripe Oxidation Virus (Puccinia striiformis f ree p. sp. tritici) Series coming from 9 Nations around the world.
To design and commission a water phantom suitable for constrained environments and magnetic fields for magnetic resonance (MR)-guided proton therapy.

A phantom was designed, to enable precise, remote controlled detector positioning in water within the constrained environment of a magnet for MR-guided proton therapy. The phantom consists of a PMMA enclosure whose outer dimensions of



81


×


40


×


12.5



cm


3



were chosen to optimize space usage inside the 13.5-cm bore gap of the magnet. The moving mechanism is based on a low-height H-shaped non-ferromagnetic belt drive, driven by stepper motors located outside of the magnetic field. The control system and the associated electronics were designed in house, with similar features as available in commercial water phantoms. Reproducibility as well as accuracy of the phantom positioning were tested using a high-precision Leica AT 402 laser tracker. Laterally integrated depth dose curves and lateral beam profiles at three depths were acquired repeatedly for a 148.2MeV proton beam in water.

The phantom was successfully operated with and without applied magnetic fields. For complex movements, a positioning uncertainty within 0.16mm was found with an absolute accuracy typically below 0.3mm. Laterally integrated depth dose curves agreed within 0.1mm with data taken using a commercial water phantom. The lateral beam offset determined from beam profile measurements agreed well with data from Monte Carlo simulations.

The phantom is optimally suited for detector positioning and dosimetric experiments within constrained environments in high magnetic fields.
The phantom is optimally suited for detector positioning and dosimetric experiments within constrained environments in high magnetic fields.
To evaluate the efficacy of metacognitive group training in reducing psychotic symptoms and improving cognitive insight and functions in people with schizophrenia.

Randomized controlled trial. It was carried out between July 2019 -February 2020.

Fifty-six patients with schizophrenia were enrolled and randomly assigned to either a control group (N=29) or a metacognitive training group (N=27). Blinded assessments were made at baseline, 1-week post-treatment and at follow-up 3months after treatment. The primary outcome measure was psychotic symptoms based on the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Secondary outcomes were assessed by the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS).

Completion at follow-up was high (92.86%). The intention-to-treat analyses demonstrated that patients in the metacognitive training group had significantly greater improvements of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales delusion score and total score and the Personal and Social Performance Scale, after 3months, compared with the control group. The effect size was medium to large. The intention-to-treat analyses also demonstrated that patients in the metacognitive training group had significantly greater reductions of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales hallucination score and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-certainty score post-treatment, compared with the control group. The effect size was medium to large.

The metacognitive training administered by psychiatric and mental health nurses was effective in ameliorating delusions and social functioning over time and it immediately reduced hallucinations post-treatment.

Metacognitive training for treating psychosis in patients with schizophrenia is efficacious and administration is clinically feasible in the Portuguese context.

ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03891186.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03891186.
Junior doctors are required to make career decisions at an early stage in their postgraduate training. Trainees also feel inadequately prepared for the transition to consultant roles.

To explore the key factors influencing the choice of dermatology as a postgraduate medical career and to identify the training needs required for transition from trainee to consultant.

An online questionnaire was designed to identify (i) why trainees chose a postgraduate medical career in dermatology, and (ii) the training required for transition from trainee to consultant.

In total, 46 responses were received from trainees in their first to final years (ST3-6), of whom 89% had undertaken an undergraduate dermatology placement, with a median duration of 2weeks. Dermatology was considered as a career during medical school by 61% of trainees, and 41% confirmed their decision to pursue a career in dermatology during foundation training. The most influential factors involved in speciality selection were first, enjoyment of tion-making for trainees. Training in medical leadership, management and self-awareness could be enhanced to ensure that trainees feel adequately equipped for consultant roles.
The aim of this study is to perform three-dimensional (3D) source position reconstruction by combining in vivo dosimetry measurements from two independent detector systems.

Time-resolved dosimetry was performed in a water phantom during HDR brachytherapy irradiation with




192


Ir source using two detector systems. The first was based on three plastic scintillator detectors and the second on a single inorganic crystal (CsITl). Brachytherapy treatments were simulated in water under TG-43U1 conditions, including a HDR prostate plan. Treatment needles were placed in distances covering a range of source movement of 120mm around the detectors. The distance from each dwell position to each scintillator was determined based on the measured dose rates. The three distances given by the mPSD were recalculated to a position along the catheter (z) and a distance radially away from the mPSD (xy) for each dwell position (a circumference around the mPSD). The source x, y, and z coordinates wrs located in the middle of the prostate volume, reduces the measurement deviations considerably compared to scenarios where the detectors were located outside of the prostate volume. selleck compound The analysis showed a detection probability that, in most cases, is far from the random detection threshold. Errors of 1(2)mm can be detected in ranges of 5-25 (25-50)mm from the source, with a true detection probability rate higher than 80%, while the false probability rate is kept below 20%.

By combining two detector responses, we enabled the determination of the absolute source coordinates. The combination of the mPSD and the ISD in vivo dosimetry constitutes a promising alternative for real-time 3D source tracking in HDR brachytherapy.
By combining two detector responses, we enabled the determination of the absolute source coordinates. The combination of the mPSD and the ISD in vivo dosimetry constitutes a promising alternative for real-time 3D source tracking in HDR brachytherapy.
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