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The authors describe two research experiments exploring the influence of race on the Köhler motivation gain effect with exercise tasks. Experiment 1 tested whether partner racial dissimilarity affects individual performance. Experiment 2 created a team identity recategorization intervention to potentially counter the influence on performance observed in Experiment 1. White male participants were partnered with either a Black or Asian partner (Experiment 1) or with a Black partner utilizing team names and shirt colors as a team identity recategorization strategy (Experiment 2). Racially dissimilar dyads completed two sets of abdominal plank exercises with a Köhler conjunctive task paradigm (stronger partner; team performance outcome dependent upon the weaker-ability participant's performance). The results of Experiment 1 suggest attenuation of the previously successful group motivation gain effect in the racially dissimilar condition. The simple recategorization strategy utilized in Experiment 2 appeared to reverse motivation losses under conjunctive-task conditions in racially dissimilar exercise dyads.A large proportion of patients with focal-onset epilepsy have frequent seizures despite treatment with newer anti-seizure medications (ASMs). We describe our experience optimizing cenobamate treatment for 49 patients treated at one center for up to eight years. We assessed the influence of treatment response on measurements of quality of life (QOLIE). Forty-nine patients were evaluated from three cenobamate regulatory trials two open-label extensions of randomized placebo-controlled studies and one open-label safety study at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHU). Patients had focal-onset seizures despite treatment with one to three ASMs and were 18 years of age and older. Patients kept seizure diaries for the duration of the study and had tri-monthly evaluations. Seizure responder rates were determined, and patients with long-term seizure freedom (≥six months seizure free) were identified. Cenobamate doses were adjusted within the range of 100-400 mg/day. Johns Hopkins Hospital patients who were continuing treatment when the studies ended (n = 37) were administered the QOLIE-31 survey and a separate survey to assess changes in independence and epilepsy-linked disability at the end of the study at JHU. Thirty-seven of 49 (76%) patients continued treatment for three to eight years (median 5.6 years). In their final three months of treatment, 45% of patients achieved ≥75% seizure reduction, 29% had ≥90% reduction, and 16% were seizure free (responder rates computed with n = 49). Posttraumatic etiologies did not reduce treatment responses. Increased dosage of cenobamate across 150-400 mg/day range was significantly associated with higher responder rates (p  less then  0.001). High seizure responses-particularly ≥90% reduction-correlated with high QOLIE scores. Patients with drug-resistant focal-onset epilepsy had stable treatment responses during up to eight years of cenobamate treatment. Patients often tolerated high doses of cenobamate; high responders appeared to benefit with high QOLIE scores.
We determined burden of caring for patients with post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) following penetrating traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identified factors predicting higher burden.

We assessed 331 caregiver-veteran dyads in Phase 2 (136 PTE, 136 non-PTE, and 59 HC dyads), 133 in Phase 4 (47 PTE, 56 non-PTE, and 30 HC dyads) - 30 years later, and 46 dyads in the follow-up study (18 PTE, 19 non-PTE, and 9 HC). Caregiver's burden was measured by Zarit Burden Index and a questionnaire. Veterans completed demographic, mental and physical well-being, quality-of-life, and medical-related information. Caregivers provided information about burden and their assessments of cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric status of the veterans.

PTE caregivers perceived significantly more burden than comparison groups at all phases. Bivariate analyses revealed that caregiver distress due to the veteran's neuropsychiatric state including cognitive decline, apathy, and disinhibition and the veteran's characteristics including older age at epilepsy onset and role limitation due to physical problems were associated with higher burden. Finally, we revealed disinhibition distress, and role imitation due to physical problems as the predictors in a model of caregiver burden.

Elevated PTE caregiver burden is persistent across the life span suggesting that caregivers could benefit from counseling and targeted psychosocial interventions to reduce their burden.
Elevated PTE caregiver burden is persistent across the life span suggesting that caregivers could benefit from counseling and targeted psychosocial interventions to reduce their burden.
Monthly variation in the total prevalence of the univentricular heart (UVH) and dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) at gestational age 7 + 0 weeks was assessed to determine potential environmental factors, such as viral or bacterial infections, underlying the variation.

The nationwide retrospective ten-year population-based cohort consisted of 592 733 births and 2764 terminated pregnancies due to fetal anomaly. The pre- or postnatally diagnosed cases of UVH (n = 440) and simple d-TGA (n = 127) from five national registers included live births, stillbirths, and pregnancy terminations due to fetal anomaly. We evaluated the variation in the monthly total prevalence of UVH and d-TGA at gestational age 7 + 0 weeks. The monthly variation of UVH and d-TGA was also compared with monthly variation in reported viral and bacterial infections.

In the UVH and d-TGA, we observed significant monthly variation in total prevalence. However, we observed no correlations in the studied viral or bacterial infections and the number of cases.

Assessing monthly variation in total prevalence at early pregnancy, including pregnancy terminations and stillbirths, and using first-trimester timing provides the most accurate information on the variation. The reasons for monthly variation remain unclear, but we observed no associations with specific viral or bacterial infections.
Assessing monthly variation in total prevalence at early pregnancy, including pregnancy terminations and stillbirths, and using first-trimester timing provides the most accurate information on the variation. UNC6852 The reasons for monthly variation remain unclear, but we observed no associations with specific viral or bacterial infections.
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