Notes

Friendships Between lncRNA/circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in Musculoskeletal Degenerative Diseases.
While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, extremely high HDL-C is paradoxically associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship with cardiovascular disease. Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was recently reported to underlie this relationship, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis. In addition to free cholesterol, other surface components of TGRL, primarily phospholipids, are transferred to HDL during lipolysis. It remains indeterminate as to whether such transfer is linked to HDL-C and cardiovascular disease.

When TGRL was labelled with fluorescent phospholipid 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), time- and dose-dependent transfer of DiI to HDL was observed upon incubations with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The capacity of HDL to acquire DiI was decreased by -36% (p<0.0tional to HDL-C and does not reflect cardiovascular risk in subjects widely differing in HDL-C levels.
Smokers with substance use disorders (SUDs) show elevated tobacco prevalence, and smoking abstinence rates are considerably low. This randomized controlled trial sought to compare the effect of a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) that includes an episodic future thinking (EFT) component with the same treatment protocol plus contingency management (CM). PACAP 1-38 manufacturer This study aims to examine the effect of CM on smoking outcomes and in-treatment behaviors (i.e., retention, session attendance and adherence to nicotine use reduction guidelines), and to analyze whether these in-treatment variables predicted days of continuous abstinence at end-of-treatment.

A total of 54 treatment-seeking participants (75.9% males, M=46.19years old) were allocated to CBT+EFT (n=30) or CBT+EFT+CM (n=24). Intervention consisted of eight weeks of group-based sessions. Tobacco abstinence was verified biochemically by testing levels of carbon monoxide (≤4ppm) and urine cotinine (≤80ng/ml).

CM intervention increased 24-hour tobacco abstinence (50% vs. 20%, χ
(1)=5.4; p=.021) and days of continuous abstinence (M=5.92±7.67 vs. 5.53±12.42; t(52)=-0.132; p=0.89) at end-of-treatment in comparison with CBT+EFT intervention. Although not statistically significant, CBT+EFT+CM enhanced in-treatment behaviors, in terms of retention (83.3% vs. 70%; χ
(1)=0.255; p=.208), sessions attended (12.29±3.22 vs. 10.93±3.26; t(52)=-1.527; p=.133) and adherence to weekly nicotine use reduction targets (41.07% ± 31.96 vs. 35% ±2 6.28; t(52)=-0.766; p=.447). A higher percentage of samples meeting reduction guidelines (β=0.609; p<.001) predicted days of continuous abstinence at end-of-treatment.

Combining CM with CBT+EFT improves short-term quitting rates. Findings suggest the need to incorporate strategies for improving adherence to nicotine reduction guidelines.
Combining CM with CBT + EFT improves short-term quitting rates. Findings suggest the need to incorporate strategies for improving adherence to nicotine reduction guidelines.
Research consistently connects parental and youth substance misuse, yet less is known about the mechanisms driving this association among justice-involved youth. We examine whether harsh parenting is an explanatory mechanism for the association between parental substance use and parental mental health and youth substance use disorder in a sample of justice-involved youth.

Data were drawn from the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a large-scale longitudinal survey of mental health and substance misuse in a representative sample of youth in juvenile detention. Harsh parenting, child maltreatment, youth alcohol and cannabis use disorder, and parental substance misuse and mental health were assessed among 1,825 detained youth (35.95% female) at baseline, three-year follow-up, and four-year follow-up.

At baseline, over 80% of youth used alcohol and/or cannabis; at the four-year follow-up, 16.35% and 19.69% of the youth were diagnosed with alcohol and cannabis use disorder, respectively. More than 20% of youth r continuity of alcohol and cannabis misuse and should be regularly assessed for and addressed in juvenile justice settings.
E-cigarettes, or nicotine vaping products, are potential smoking cessation aids that provide both nicotine and behavioural substitution for combustible cigarette smoking. This review aims to compare the effectiveness of nicotine e-cigarettes for smoking cessation with licensed nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) and nicotine-free based control conditions by using network meta-analysis (NMA).

We searched PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that allocated individuals to use nicotine e-cigarettes, compared to those that used licensed NRT (e.g., nicotine patches, nicotine gums, etc), or a nicotine-free control condition such as receiving placebo (nicotine-free) e-cigarettes or usual care. We only included studies of healthy individuals who smoked. Furthermore, we identified the latest Cochrane review on NRT and searched NRT trials that were published in similar periods as the e-cigarette trials we identified. NMA was conducted to compare the effect of e-cigarettes on c to use licensed NRT, and both were more effective than usual care or placebo conditions. More high quality studies are required to ascertain the effect of e-cigarette on smoking cessation due to risk of bias in the included studies.
Smokers assigned to use nicotine e-cigarettes were more likely to remain abstinent from smoking than those assigned to use licensed NRT, and both were more effective than usual care or placebo conditions. More high quality studies are required to ascertain the effect of e-cigarette on smoking cessation due to risk of bias in the included studies.
Youth nicotine dependence may vary by e-cigarette device used.

E-cigarette device type ("JUUL," "similar pod/JUUL like device (i.e., pod mod)," or "other type of e-cigarette" (i.e., tank, mod)), nicotine dependence (Hooked on Nicotine Checklist; HONC), frequency of e-cigarette use (i.e., weekly, daily, monthly), and covariates were examined via a convenience sample of youth who use e-cigarettes in the United States via an online Qualtrics panel survey from April 2019 to May 2019.

Youth aged 13-17 (Mean age=15.9years, SD=1.0year; n=185) were mostly 72.4% female. Primary device used by category was endorsed as follows JUUL n=87, pod mod n=42, and other type of e-cigarette n=56. Participants endorsed an average of 4.5 / 10 HONC symptoms (SD=3.6). Compared to other e-cigarettes, youth who used JUUL and pod mod devices endorsed more dependence symptoms, even when adjusting for current smoking status (JUUL IRR=1.96, 95% CI 1.30-2.97; pod mod device IRR=1.76, 95% CI 1.08-2.87). In total, HONC symptoms significantly differed by device for 8/10 symptoms, with JUUL and pod mod users reporting higher frequency of items compared to other e-cigarette devices.
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