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gloeosporioides species complex isolated from avocado in 65%, whereas Bacillus tequilensis A3 supernatant did so in 25% after 3 days post inoculation. B. tequilensis mycoides A1was a producer of proteases, indolacetic acid and siderophores. Preventive treatment using cell-free supernatant of B. mycoides A1, diminished the severity of anthracnose disease (41.9%) on avocado fruit. CONCLUSION These results reveal the possibility of using Bacillus mycoides A1 as a potential biological control agent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Multi-elements have been widely used to identify the geographical origins of various agricultural products. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of identifying the geographical origins of peanut kernels at different regional scales by using the multi-element fingerprinting technique. The concentrations of 20 elements (B, Mg, P, K, Ca, etc.) were determined in 135 peanut samples from Jilin Province, Jiangsu Province, and Shandong Province of China. Data obtained were processed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), k nearest neighbors (k-NN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM). RESULTS Peanut kernels from different regions had their own element fingerprints. k-NN, LDA, and SVM were all suitable to predict peanut kernels according to their grown provinces with the total correct classification rates of 91.2, 91.1, and 91.1%, respectively. While SVM was the best to identify different grown cities of peanut kernels with the prediction accuracy of 91.3%, compared to 72.2 and 78.3% for k-NN and LDA respectively. CONCLUSION It was an effective method to identify producing areas of peanut kernels at different regional scales using multi-element fingerprinting combined with SVM to enhance regional capabilities for quality assurance and control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Size of fruit is an important issue in determining yield at harvest. Even in controlled conditions, variation between fruit and trusses can be considerable. As an easy to measure indication of size, the diameter of tomatoes growing in trusses was assessed in three experiments with different number of tomatoes per truss, cultivars and varying the level of ions in the recirculated drain water. RESULTS By applying the von Bertalanffy growth model, more than 99% of the variation present could be explained by the time of fruit set for all tomatoes growing anywhere in trusses. A linear relation between time of fruit set and the biological shift factor, an indication of developmental age, was observed. Integrating this linear relation in the analysis of the diameter data removed one stochastic variable (biological shift factor) effectively halving the number of parameters to be estimated. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the major part of the variation present in the diameter of tomatoes growing in trusses is the result of variation in time of fruit set of individual fruit. The position within the greenhouse, i.e. local differences in assimilates supply, exerted only a minor effect on diameter development. So, the time of fruit set largely determines fruit size. Likely,, growing conditions before fruit set are crucial for final fruit size. The time of fruit set of each tomato in the truss and the local growing conditions within the greenhouse affecting assimilate supply need to be assessed accurately for a reliable size prediction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM investigating the anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab on chronic schistosomiasis mansoniin atrial to hinder the Schistosoma-induced angiogenesis and porto-systemic shunting complications. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of CD34, VEGF-R1, PCNA & α-SMA (angiogenesis markers) was analyzed in the lung, liver and gastrointestinal-junctions of chronic S. mansoni infected mice after intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab. Prolonged administration of bevacizumab with praziquantel was also assessed through parasitic load, protective index, granuloma and fibrous tissue evaluation. RESULTS A significantly less vascular activity and micro vascular density were observed in bevacizumab treated mice. They had a significantly less VEGF-R1, PCNA, CD-34 & α-SMA expression compared to the infected untreated. The least tissue egg count was reported in mice received bevacizumab for 6 weeks (Mean=27120). this website However, they had persistent liver granulomas, and massively amalgamated fibrosis. Interestingly, the least faecal egg & tissue worms counts (Mean=112, 13.4), and highest protection index (39.26) were reported in mice received bevacizumab for 3 weeks, with marked granuloma, and fibrous tissue resolution. CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab has a promising protective effect against the Schistosma-induced angiogenesis. As an adjuvant to praziquamntel; it is important to adjust the duration of administration to achieve the best schistosomicidal effect without impeding granuloma and fibrous tissue resolution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The polishing process plays a key role in determining the beneficial quality of rice. However, the effects of polishing on human exposure to essential and toxic elements are not well reported. This study evaluated the effects of polishing on the levels of essential and toxic elements in rice grains and evaluated the status of their daily intake using probabilistic assessment. RESULTS The levels of essential elements decreased as the degree of polishing increased. The highest reduction percentages of essential elements (24% of Cu, 26% of Ni, and 52% of Mn) were found after the first polishing step. The highest Zn reduction (15%) was found after the fourth polishing step. For toxic elements, polishing significantly reduced the As concentration (15% to 31%) from that of the whole grains, of which 26% was removed after the first step. CONCLUSION Polishing removed both essential and toxic elements from rice grains. The highest losses of Cu, Mn, Ni, and As were found after the first polishing step since these elements generally localize in the aleurone layers of rice grains.
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