Notes

A singular Filobacterium sp may cause chronic bronchitis within pet cats.
Hair DHEA and serotonin levels were highest in the 24 hG group. The hair cortisol to DHEA ratio was significantly higher in the control group than that in the 12 hG and 24 hG groups and in the 12 hG group than that in the 24 hG group. Our study showed that grazing dairy cows in alpine areas for 24 h improved their welfare, as indicated by increased serotonin levels in hair and plasma, increased hair DHEA level, and decreased stress indicators, including the hair cortisol level and cortisol to DHEA ratio. Farm facilities should allocate optimal grazing time for optimal welfare of dairy cows.Ovarian metastases of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) show grossly abundant nodular mucous cells, with a gross mucinous multinodular appearance and a histological resemblance to primary ovarian mucinous tumors (POMTs). This study aimed to elucidate the utility of gross features including the gross mucinous multinodular appearance and available clinical information at the time of intraoperative consultation, in distinguishing the ovarian metastases of LAMNs from POMTs or the ovarian metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). In total, 776 patients with primary ovarian tumor and 68 patients with ovarian metastases underwent intraoperative consultation during 1998-2018. Of the total cases, 4 ovarian metastases of LAMNs, 19 ovarian metastases of CRC, and 50 POMTs (36 borderline tumors and 14 carcinomas) were identified. The gross features including the gross mucinous multinodular appearance were analyzed based on the gross photographs obtained before formalin fixation and the available clinical information collected during intraoperative consultation. The analysis indicated that the ovarian metastases of LAMNs significantly presented with gross mucinous multinodular appearance (4/4 vs. 0/50, P less then 0.0001), extraovarian disease (4/4 vs. 2/50, P less then 0.0001), ovarian surface involvement (3/4 vs. 2/50, P = 0.0016), and abnormal appendix (4/4 vs. 0/50, P less then 0.0001) as compared to POMT. Moreover, the gross mucinous multinodular appearance was a distinguishable feature between the ovarian metastases of LAMNs and ovarian metastases of CRC (4/4 vs. 0/19, P = 0.0001). Based on these results, we proposed an algorithm to diagnose ovarian tumors using the gross mucinous multinodular appearance. Thus, recognizing unique gross features including the gross mucinous multinodular appearance would be useful for both pathologists and surgeons to accurately diagnose ovarian metastases of LAMNs during intraoperative consultation.
Paratesticular tumors (PTT) are rare and form a heterogenous group, ranging from benign to malignant high grade sarcomas. This study was undertaken to describe the clinicopathological spectrum of PTTs received over a 20-year period.

All primary and secondary PTTs diagnosed from 2000 to 2019 in the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital in North India were retrospectively reviewed. Gross, histopathological features and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings were correlated with clinical details.

A total of 169 intra-scrotal tumors were diagnosed during the study period, out of which there were 30 PTTs (in 27 patients) comprising 17.75%. Age range was 4 to 85years (median 58years). Benign PTTs were the commonest (n=21, 70%), followed by metastasis to the paratesticular region (n=6, 20%) and then primary malignant PTTs (n=3, 10%). The commonest benign PTT was lipoma (n=16, 76.19%), followed by adenomatoid tumor (n=3, 14.28%) with one case each (4.76%) of cellular angiofibroma and hemangioma. Among primary malignant PTT, there were two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, and one case of biphasic malignant mesothelioma. Metastatic tumors included four cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, and one case each of pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

PTTs show a wide clinicopathological spectrum. Benign PTTs are commoner than malignant PTTs. Meticulous grossing and histopathological examination supplemented by IHC is essential for an accurate diagnosis of this heterogenous class of tumors, which influences the role of adjuvant therapy and patient prognosis.
PTTs show a wide clinicopathological spectrum. G Protein agonist Benign PTTs are commoner than malignant PTTs. Meticulous grossing and histopathological examination supplemented by IHC is essential for an accurate diagnosis of this heterogenous class of tumors, which influences the role of adjuvant therapy and patient prognosis.Leukemic, non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct, rare, indolent variant of mantle cell lymphoma, but can relapse aggressively. It can present with lymphocytosis with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like morphologic and immunophenotypic features as was initially considered in the index case. However, at time of splenectomy, two years later cyclin D1 overexpression was shown and the disease was realized to be leukemic non-nodal MCL. The patient was followed for 21 years, without therapy, before he developed clinically aggressive MCL with lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy showed MCL, pleomorphic variant. We review the literature and discuss the features of leukemic non-nodal MCL as well as the potential pitfalls in diagnosis. Furthermore, we are not aware of another cases reported with a 21 year interval from initial diagnosis of leukemic non-nodal MCL to aggressive MCL.The fundamental relationships are derived for the retention, peak width, and peak capacity of non-retained polymers eluting from multiple standard size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns connected in series. The standard SEC columns may have different dimensions and are packed with particles having distinct average particle diameters (APDs) and average mesopore sizes (AMSs). The performances (peak capacity, local resolution power, and sensitivity) of three standard SEC columns connected in series (called a tri-SEC column) packed with bridged-ethylene-hybrid (BEH) fully porous particles (FPPs) having three different APDs (1.7, 2.5, and 3.5 μm) and AMSs (200, 450, and 900 Å, respectively) are calculated as a function of the applied flow rate and size of polystyrene standards. Irrespective of the APD and AMS, the present investigation assumes isomorphological materials relative to the mesopore space of the three different BEH particles. The advantage of a 15 cm long tri-SEC column over a single reference SEC column (APD=3.
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