Notes

MAIT cells get a grip on NK cell-mediated growth immunity.
To evaluate the effect of canakinumab on growth parameters of patients with autoinflammatory diseases.

This retrospective study included Colchicine resistant familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS), Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) patients treated with canakinumab for at least six consecutive months.

Eleven patients with FMF, 9 with MKD, 3 with TRAPS, and 1 with DADA2 were included. The median age (range) at diagnosis and drug initiation was 6.06 (1.45-16.06) years and 9.72 (1.82-19.11) years, respectively. The mean weight, height, and BMI SD scores significantly increased after canakinumab. There were significant improvements in laboratory parameters and disease activities. However, growth parameters after the drug did not differ according to gender, the duration of diagnostic delay, and age at the diagnosis.

Canakinumab seems to have a positive effect on growth in patients with autoinflammatory diseases by controlling disease activity and inflammation.
Canakinumab seems to have a positive effect on growth in patients with autoinflammatory diseases by controlling disease activity and inflammation.
To test the ability and to identify unique criteria in a Modified Integrated Algorithm developed by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to detect HIV infection among sick children 0 to 14 years, seeking care in a health care facility.

Facility based cross-sectional survey.

Four talukas of Belgaum District, Karnataka, India during 2013-2014.

Sick children 0-14 years seeking care at healthcare facilities in the study area.

A total of 10 health care facilities were selected using specific criteria. Trained health care providers in these facilities used the WHO generic Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses screening algorithm for HIV, applicable for children to 0-5 years and ICMR modified integrated algorithm for >5-14 years, to screen and test children for HIV, when they sought care in these facilities.

Prevalence of HIV in children screened positive by the Modified Integrated Algorithm.

Of the total 33342 children who visited the 10 health care facilities, 24342 were screened by the physician. Of the 527 screened positive sick children with suspected signs/ symptoms, 509 consented and were tested with age appropriate HIV testing. 97 children tested positive (HIV prevalence 19.1% 5% in <5yrs and 28% in ≥5-14 years). The result of Classification and Regression Tree and logistics regression consistently identified parents with HIV and orphan child, as important predictor of HIV infection.

ICMR Modified integrated algorithm may be used as a screening tool in the public and private health care facilities to increase case detection of pediatric HIV.
ICMR Modified integrated algorithm may be used as a screening tool in the public and private health care facilities to increase case detection of pediatric HIV.
To compare the immunogenicity and safety of an investigational typhoid Vi conjugate vaccine (Test TCV) with a marketed typhoid Vi conjugate vaccine (Comparator TCV).

Randomized, controlled trial.

Tertiary care and multispecialty hospitals.

240 healthy subjects of 6 months to 45 years. Pediatric (<18 years) subjects were enrolled after day 21 safety assessment of adult subjects.

Participants received a single-dose of test TCV or comparator TCV at baseline and were followed up for 6 weeks post-vaccination.

Primary variable was to demonstrate non-inferiority of the test TCV with the comparator TCV for seroconversion post-vaccination (³4-fold rise in antibody titre). Secondary variables were seroconversion in the adult and pediatric cohorts, and geometric mean titre of antibodies while the safety was based on reported adverse events.

A total of 117 subjects (Adult-58, Pediatric-59) and 119 subjects (Adult-60, Pediatric-59) in test and comparator group, respectively completed the study. The seroconversion rate with test TCV (overall-94.8%, adult-96.6% and pediatric-93.1%) was non-inferior to comparator TCV (overall-91.6%, adult-91.7% and pediatric-91.5%). The geometric mean titres of antibodies (EU/mL) at baseline (test TCV overall-7.6, adult-10.0, and pediatric-5.7; and comparator TCV overall-8.0, adult-12.0, and pediatric-5.3) and at end of study (test TCV overall-1121.0, adult-1411.0 and pediatric-891.1; and comparator TCV overall-1104.0, adult-1199.0 and pediatric-1014.0) were also comparable between the groups (P>0.05 for all). The most common adverse event was injection-site pain followed by fever in both the groups.

The immunogenicity and safety of test TCV is comparable to already marketed comparator TCV.
The immunogenicity and safety of test TCV is comparable to already marketed comparator TCV.India observed a significant reduction in malaria cases in the previous year, reaffirming our trust and efficiency of the existing tools to achieve malaria elimination. On 25 April, 2019, countries around the world marked World Malaria Day under the theme "Zero malaria starts with me". This provides an opportunity to rejoice the success and re-evaluate ongoing challenges in the fight against this preventable and treatable parasitic disease. We highlight the potential gaps in the malaria elimination program, and underscore potential solutions and strategies to implement, improve and intensify the success of the national goal of malaria elimination by 2030.How to quickly identify high-risk populations is critical to epidemic control. We developed and validated a risk prediction model for screening SARS-CoV-2 infection in suspected cases with an epidemiological history. A total of 1019 patients, ≥13 years of age, who had an epidemiological history were enrolled from fever clinics between January 2020 and February 2020. Among 103 (10.11%) cases of COVID-19 were confirmed. Multivariable analysis summarized four features associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, summarized in the mnemonic COVID-19-REAL radiological evidence of pneumonia (1 point), eosinophils less then 0.005 × 109/L (1 point), age ≥ 32 years (2 points), and leukocytes less then 6.05 × 109 /L (1 point). The area under the ROC curve for the training group was 0.863 (95% CI, 0.813 - 0.912). Ilomastat concentration A cut-off value of less than 3 points for COVID-19-REAL was assigned to define the low-risk population. Only 10 (2.70%) of 371 patients were proved to be SARS-CoV-2 positive, with a negative predictive value of 0.
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