Notes

Portrayal of a new bacteriocin-like inhibitory peptide produced by Lactobacillus sakei B-RKM 0559.
Although follow-up data were available for only a subset of horses, transcorneal diode laser ablation was an effective means of resolving owner-reported behavioral or performance complaints believed to be caused by uveal cysts for many of the horses in this group. Further work is needed to assess effects of uveal cysts on equine behavior and to characterize effects of transcorneal diode laser ablation prospectively.Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein that has been identified in most mammals. We first identified whole genome sequence of equine HRG (eHRG) and succeeded to purify eHRG from plasma of horses. Since HRG interacts with various ligands, this protein is thought to be involved in immune response, coagulation, and angiogenesis. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized as a non-specific, clinical, pro-inflammatory immune response that damage organs and tissues in the host. Recent reports revealed that blood HRG levels in human patients with SIRS are approximately 50% lower than those in healthy controls, indicating the use of HRG as a biomarker or treatment for SIRS. SIRS is also a serious issue in equine medicine. In this study, we investigated various effects of eHRG on neutrophil functions, including adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lysosome maturation using neutrophils isolated from horses. Microscopic observation showed that the addition of eHRG to the culture diminished adhesion of neutrophils stimulated with LPS. Using the Boyden chamber technique, we showed that eHRG reduced neutrophil chemotaxis induced by recombinant human IL-8. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay demonstrated that eHRG restrained the peak of LPS-promoted ROS production from neutrophils. In contrast, eHRG promoted phagocytic activity evaluated with uptake of fluorescent dye conjugated particles, as well as lysosomal maturation assessed using fluorescent staining for lysosomes of equine neutrophils. These results indicated that eHRG acts as a dual regulator of neutrophils in horses.Development of the musculoskeletal system occurs, in part, through an impact on regulatory proteins, such as activin A and decorin. Activin A induces atrophic effects on skeletal muscle, and decorin regulates the formation of connective tissue proteins like collagen and elastin in tendons and ligaments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different intensities of exercise on blood plasma activin A and decorin concentrations in horses. Ten young purebred Arabian horses were subjected to routine training sessions on a racetrack, and another 11 adult horses of the same breed participated in endurance rides. Race horses were examined during gallop tests over a distance of 1200 m and endurance horses at distances from 20 to 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and after exercise to determine plasma concentrations of activin A, decorin and cortisol. Despite differences in the intensity of exercise, the plasma decorin concentration remained unchanged, and activin A tended to decrease in endurance horses only. The exercise-induced changes in plasma activin A concentrations correlated with the covered distance (r = -0.43; P less then .05), but not with the changes in cortisol values. Further studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of plasma activin A as a potential indicator of a horse's endurance performance.Current challenge of using cytokines is its poor distribution and systemic side effects. To avoid this issue, we prepared the tumor-targeted and microenvironment-responsive nanocarriers (TRN), which were consisted of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles as cores, and surface-modified by thioketal-linkage, electrostatically coated with carboxymethyl chitin, and further anchored glucose-regulated protein 78-binding peptide as shells for encapsulating IL-12. TRN showed a size of 260 nm after encapsulated IL-12 and α-TOS with loading content of 0.0206% and 7.21%, respectively, and exhibited good biocompatibility to 4 T1 cells and macrophages. Moreover, IL-12/α-TOS loaded TRN displayed obvious anti-tumor efficacy on BALB/c nude mice bearing 4 T1 tumors, which was derived from promoted targeting to tumor tissue, endocytosed by macrophages and locally release IL-12 to subsequently repolarize tumor-associated macrophages into tumoricidal M1 phenotype with reduced side effects. The nanosystem exhibited as a promising strategy with functional conversion of macrophages in tumor microenvironment for anti-tumor therapy.Cellulose is a naturally occurring organic polymer extracted mainly from lignocellulosic biomass of terrestrial origin. However, the increasing production of seaweeds for growing global market demands has developed the opportunity to use it as an additional cellulose source. This review aims to prepare comprehensive information to understand seaweed cellulose and its possible applications better. This is the first review that summarizes and discusses the cellulose from all three types (green, red, and brown) of seaweeds in various aspects such as contents, extraction strategies, and cellulose-based products. The seaweed cellulose applications and future perspectives are also discussed. Several seaweed species were found to have significant cellulose content (9-34% dry weight). The review highlights that the properties of seaweed cellulose-based products were comparable to products prepared from plant-based cellulose. Overall, this work demonstrates that cellulose could be economically extracted from phycocolloids industrial waste and selected cellulose-rich seaweed species for various commercial applications.Developing bioactive composites to fill bone cavities caused by disease, injury or surgery still remains a challenge. Gefitinib mw The aim of this research was to develop a new nanostructured sodium alginate/sulfonated polyether ether ketone/nano-hydroxyapatite (Alg/SPEEK/HA) biocomposite via a simple chemical precipitation strategy. Structural analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to compare the HA content of the composites. The in-vitro bioactivity of the composites with different content of HA was investigated by immersing the specimens in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 15 days. The presence of HA in the composite structure gave rise to the precipitation of an apatite layer on the surface, which was increased by increase in the content of HA. The formation of the HA layer on the composite surface was scrutinized via FESEM and EDX analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images exhibited the presence of HA nanoparticles with less than 30 nm in size.
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