Notes

Anxiety/fear regarding dental treatment during pregnancy: standby time with the Altered Dentistry Anxiousness Level (MDAS).
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an impending global pandemic in developed countries as well as developing countries and economies in transition, such as India. A significant increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), one of the most common types of CHD, is being reported in India, and the incidence and severity of the disease are more among the youth in Kerala. Studies assessing the association between psychological factors and MI are few in India.

We adopted a case-control study design. A total of 150 cases (with MI) and 150 controls (without MI and matched for age and gender) from a tertiary care hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala, India, were selected using convenient sampling method, between September 2016 and August 2017.

As compared to 33.3% of the controls, 50.7% of patients with MI had type D personality characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the confounders indicated a positive and statistically significant association between type D personality and MI OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 2.19-8.85, P = 0.003.

Type D personality is associated with MI.
Type D personality is associated with MI.
Poor psychological health and cardiorespiratory fitness prior to open heart surgery (OHS) might be predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications that lead to morbidity and mortality. Assessment of physical and psychological conditions should be considered for patients receiving OHS, to possibly prevent these complications. This study investigates how inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) and functional capacity (FC) relate to the psychological health of preoperative cardiac surgery patients.

A cross-sectional study was designed before OHS; the 6-minute walk test and IMS were performed on patients who were admitted for OHS. All participants were requested to complete Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Pearson correlation and hierarchal regression analysis were performed to determine the relationships between IMS and FC and psychological conditions (anxiety and depression).

Overall, 36 males and 28 females aged 56.89±10.23 years were recruited. Significant relationships were observed between IMS and anxiety and depression symptoms (r = -0.33 and
= -0.27, respectively). Anxiety was negatively related to FC (
= -0.25). These relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) (∆

= 0.11 and ∆

= 0.09). In addition, anxiety was also related to FC after controlling for age, sex, and BMI (∆

= 0.09).

Among patients undergoing OHS, those with a higher level of depression or anxiety had a lower cardiorespiratory fitness than those with a low level of depression or anxiety.
Among patients undergoing OHS, those with a higher level of depression or anxiety had a lower cardiorespiratory fitness than those with a low level of depression or anxiety.
Diabetes mellitus places a considerable burden on the individual and the family with respect to lifestyle changes. There is a paucity of systematic studies in India examining the efficacy of self-management programs for diabetes. The study examined the impact of a brief self-management intervention (SMI) on primary outcome of HbA1c and secondary outcomes of quality of life (QOL), self-care, perceived barriers to self-care (BSC), perceptions regarding illness and mood in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated to either a 4-session SMI or treatment as usual (TAU) and were assessed on HbA1c levels, QOL, self-care, BSC, illness perceptions, anxiety, and depression at baseline, postintervention , and at three-month postintervention follow-up.

Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated significant improvement in the SMI group from baseline to follow-up on HbA1c (P = 0.001), impact of diabetes on QOL (P = 0.006), self-care with respect to diet and exercise (Ps = 0.001), perceived barriers in adherence to diet, exercise, (P = 0.001), medication (P < 0.01), glucose testing (P = 0.04), general BSC (P = 0.001), total barriers (P = 0.001), illness perceptions-timeline or chronicity of illness (P = 0.002), personal control over illness, (P = 0.001), belief in effectiveness of treatment (P = 0.002), understanding of one's illness (P = 0.001), and emotional representations regarding illness (P =0.001), depression, (P = 0.001), and anxiety (P = 0.001). Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor In the SMI group, large effect sizes were obtained at the postintervention assessment and the three-month follow-up on most outcome measures.

Brief psychological intervention is efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Brief psychological intervention is efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The presence of a severe mental illness in the mother during the postpartum period may impact the whole family and specifically have an effect on the health of the spouse. The current study aimed to assess psychological distress, coping, and perceived social support of spouses of women with postpartum onset severe mental illness.

A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used, and 30 spouses of the women admitted to the mother-baby unit (MBU) for psychiatric inpatient care were included in the study. The assessments included sociodemographic details, Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), brief coping orientation to problems experienced scale (brief COPE), and Zimets' multidimensional scale of perceived social support.

Around 50% of the spouses experienced severe psychological distress. Nearly 40% of spouses reported poor coping and 56.7% of spouses had moderate social support from family and friends.

The findings indicate the need to address distress and coping in spouses of women with postpartum onset SMI.
The findings indicate the need to address distress and coping in spouses of women with postpartum onset SMI.
For women with perinatal mental illness, phone helplines may be a useful way of accessing help. This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, limitations, and usage patterns of a helpline service for mothers discharged from a mother-baby psychiatry unit.

Mothers discharged from a mother baby unit during an 18-month period were provided with a helpline number. A social worker answered the calls. Details of the calls, including the reasons and the interventions provided, were recorded. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by calling all users and nonusers. Satisfaction with the helpline was recorded among users, and reasons for not calling were assessed among nonusers.

Among 113 mothers, 51 (45%) made 248 calls. Calls were regarding medication, sleep problems, planning pregnancies, symptom exacerbation, appointments, and suicidal ideation. Some calls were related to domestic violence (
= 13, 5.24%), and infant health and breastfeeding (
= 11, 4.44%). Seventy-six (67%, 44 callers and 32 noncallers) were contacted.
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