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Geographical distribution and diversity of current plant species have been strongly shaped by climatic oscillations during the Quaternary. Analysing the resulting divergence among species and differentiation within species is crucial to understand the evolution of taxa like the Vitis genus, which provides very useful genetic resources for grapevine improvement and might reveal original recolonization patterns due to growth habit and dispersal mode. Here, we studied the genetic structure in natural populations of three species from eastern North America Vitis aestivalis, V. cinerea and V. riparia using different marker types. Vitis aestivalis and V. cinerea showed higher diversity than V. riparia. The two former species are less differentiated, confirming an earlier divergence of V. riparia. V. aestivalis and V. riparia exhibited different genetic groups on both sides of the Appalachian Mountains that could mirror different recolonization routes from southern refugia. Genetic structure was stronger in V. cinerea, for which two varieties (var. berlandieri and var. cinerea) are morphologically recognized. Our results confirm this distinction and suggest the existence of three other lineages within var. cinerea. These discontinuities appear linked to adaptation of var. berlandieri to dry and limy areas of Texas and partially to the Mississippi River Valley. Rapid range expansions from refugia upon climate warming are also suggested by the low linkage disequilibrium values observed. see more Furthermore, large variation for downy mildew resistance was observed in the three species. Our findings appeared consistent with the vegetation history of eastern North America.
To reflect upon the concrete implications of the COVID-19 outbreak regarding ongoing health service and nursing management research (NMR) and to identify possible research priorities for the current and post-pandemic era.
Health service research and the nursing management research debate have received little attention to date, despite their relevance in responding to the increased demand of care during the COVID-19 outbreak.
A critical analysis on experiences was performed while leading international-funded studies at different degrees of complexity and targets, involving nurse managers, nurses, care processes and health care services in the last year.
Ongoing research projects have been profoundly affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in their aims, methods, management processes, feasibility and outcomes.
The COVID-19 outbreak is an unprecedented stress test for the health care sector and for the nursing services. Its onset and persistence have rendered more easily to see what prevails in terms of effectiveness and what fails in our health care services.
Nurse managers have lived and are still living through this crisis, given their omnipresence in the health care systems. Therefore, setting NMR priorities and working together to imagine and design the post-COVID-19 era is essential.
Nurse managers have lived and are still living through this crisis, given their omnipresence in the health care systems. Therefore, setting NMR priorities and working together to imagine and design the post-COVID-19 era is essential.
The present study is aimed to reveal the variations in epiphytic microbial composition among six whole crop corn (WCC) varieties and their contributions on ensiling characteristics and microbial composition of WCC silage.
Six WCC varieties (JS06, YS23, BS20, JS39, JS40 and JS26) were ensiled for 90days. All WCC varieties were well fermented with low pH value (<4·0) and high LA (73·6-124gkg
DM, dry matter) concentration. Of six varieties, JS40 had the highest LA (124gkg
DM) concentration, which was supported by highest relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Pantoea was the most dominant epiphytic bacteria in all fresh WCC varieties; however, the secondary dominant genera among six WCC were absolutely difference. Lactobacillus became predominant genus in 90-day silages except YS23. YS23 kept the more bacterial genus from fresh to 90-day silages than other silages, meanwhile Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were the dominant bacteria in YS23 silages.
Among six WCC varieties, JS40 silage had the highest LA. The variations in epiphytic microbiomes among fresh WCC affected terminal microbial community of 90-day silages. There were differences in fermentation characteristics among six WCC varieties, which might be partly attributed to variations in epiphytic microbiomes among fresh WCC.
The study not only enriches the research on microbial communities of plant phyllosphere but also provides theoretical basis for selecting WCC varieties and inoculants for the forage production.
The study not only enriches the research on microbial communities of plant phyllosphere but also provides theoretical basis for selecting WCC varieties and inoculants for the forage production.Antisense transcription occurs widely more expected than when it was first identified in bacteria in the 1980s. However, the functional relevance of antisense transcripts in transcription remains controversial. Here, we investigated the putative role of antisense transcripts in regulating their corresponding sense transcripts by analyzing changes in correlative relationships between sense-antisense pairs under tumor and normal conditions. A total of 3469 sense-antisense gene pairs (SAGPs) downloaded from BioMart mapped to a list of sense and antisense genes in RNA-seq data derived from 80 paired colorectal cancer (CRC) samples were analyzed. As a result, cancer-related genes were significantly enriched in the significantly correlated SAGPs (SCPs). Differentially expressed genes estimated between normal and tumor conditions were also significantly more enriched in SCPs than in non-SCPs. Interestingly, using differential correlation analysis, we found that tumor samples had a significantly larger density of genes with higher correlation coefficients than normal samples, as verified by various cancer transcriptomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Moreover, we found that the magnitude of the correlation between SAGPs could distinguish poor prognostic CRCs from good prognostic CRCs, showing that correlation coefficients between the SAGPs of CRCs with a poor prognosis were significantly stronger than CRCs with a good prognosis. Consistent with this finding, the Cox proportion hazards model showed that the survival rates were significantly different between patients with high and low expression of genes in the SCPs. All these results strongly support the idea that antisense transcripts are important regulators of their corresponding sense transcripts.
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