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Productive and exact single-cell reference point atlas mapping along with Symphony.
12, 95% CI (confidence interval) 2.05 - 4.75, I2 = 61%], regardless of region. The main risk factors were body mass index (BMI) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.09 - 1.22] and hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 - 1.02). CONCLUSION The use of tamoxifen was associated with increased risks in the incidence and prevalence of fatty liver, especially in patients with high BMI and hypercholesterolemia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Seed germination is a complex process involving various physical and biochemical cues, which is determined by exogenous and endogenous factors. Here, we identified a gene, OsMFT2, which negatively regulates seed germination in rice. OsMFT2 knock-out lines exhibited pre-harvest sprouting, while OsMFT2 overexpression lines showed delayed germination. RNA expression profiling showed that OsMFT2 was specifically expressed in seeds. Subcellular localization indicated that OsMFT2 was a nuclear protein. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on imbibed seeds and seedlings indicated that OsMFT2 altered ABA sensitivity during seed germination and post-germination growth. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that three bZIP transcription factors, OsbZIP23, OsbZIP66 and OsbZIP72, interacted with OsMFT2. OsbZIP23/66/72 bound to the promoter of Rab16A, a typical ABA responsive element containing gene, and OsMFT2 enhanced their binding activities to Rab16A promoter. Moreover, several ABA responsive genes were differentially expressed in the imbibed seeds of OsMFT2 transgenic lines and wild-type. Performance of transgenic plants demonstrated that overexpressing OsbZIP23 rescued the pre-harvest sprouting phenotype and expression decrease of ABA signaling genes caused by OsMFT2 knocking-out. All these results demonstrated that OsMFT2 positively regulates ABA response genes through interacting with OsbZIP23/66/72 and functions in seed germination. This article is protected by copyright. Phospho(enol)pyruvic acid monopotassium All rights reserved.We developed a composite hydrogel based on chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose with nanometric hydroxyapatite (nHA) as filler (ranging from 0.5 to 5%), by ultrasonic methodology to be used for bone regeneration. The 3D porous-structure of the biocomposite scaffolds were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microtomography analysis. Infrared analysis did not show specific interactions between the organic components of the composite and nHA in the scaffold. The hydrogel properties of the matrices were studied by swelling and mechanical tests, indicating that the scaffold presented a good mechanical behavior. The degradation test demonstrated that the material is slowly degraded, while the addition of nHA slightly influences the degradation of the scaffolds. Biocompatibility studies carried out with bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells (BMPC) showed that cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were increased depending on the matrix nHA content. On the other hand, no cytotoxic effect was observed when RAW264.7 cells were seeded on the scaffolds. Altogether, our results allow us to conclude that these nanobiocomposites are promising candidates to induce bone tissue regeneration. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This essay highlights the complex issue of twinning in science publications. Historical accounts present cases where two scientists focused on the same problem and came up with the same solution following different paths. This has changed in the present situation. Birth of twins in research literature has increased post 2010. In early 1900s to 2000s, twinning in research publication was serendipitous, and there was a healthy competition among teams working on similar products. At present, twinning has become a norm rather than serendipity. This can be attributed to the urge to have publications in popular themes, dependence on building research on popular key words, superficial glancing at literature and funding agencies backing thematic areas. As we inch away from human ingenuity towards Artificial Intelligence, twinning may become a norm of the day and this may result in not just twins but multiple clones appearing in scientific literature. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Are the urinary levels of NO and ATP, and their metabolites, associated with the symptom severity of overactive bladder? What is the main finding and its importance? The urinary ratios of [ATP/NO], [ADP/NO] and a combination of these, [ATP/Cr*ADP/Cr]/[NO/Cr] were correlated with overall OAB symptom severity; with the latter also correlating with the severity of urinary frequency and urgency symptoms individually. Together these data reveal changes in urothelial signalling that accompany the transition from physiology to pathology. ABSTRACT Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent symptom complex characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency; increased frequency; waking to void (nocturia) - with or without urge incontinence and in the absence of proven infection or other obvious pathology. The underlying pathophysiology of idiopathic OAB is not clearly known and the existence of several phenotypes has been proposed. Current diagnostic approaches are]/[NO/Cr] also correlating with the severity of urinary frequency and urgency. This study adds to a growing literature that demonstrates the potential of urinary biomarkers and provides a foundation for a larger, longitudinal study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Pathogen/microbe associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) initiate complex defense responses by reorganizing the biomolecular dynamics of the host cellular machinery. The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a physical scaffold that prevents recognition and entry of phyto-pathogens, while guard cells perceive and integrate signals metabolically. Although chitosan is known MAMP implicated in plant defense, the precise mechanism of chitosan-triggered immunity (CTI) remains unknown. Here, we show how chitosan imparts immunity against fungal disease. Morpho-histological examination revealed stomatal closure accompanied by reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate as early responses in chitosan-treated seedlings upon vascular fusariosis. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed ECM fortification leading to oligosaccharide signaling, as documented by increased galactose, pectin and associated secondary metabolites. Multiomics approach using quantitative ECM proteomics and metabolomics identified 325 chitosan-triggered immune-responsive proteins (CTIRPs) notably novel ECM structural proteins, LYM2 and receptor-like kinases, and 65 chitosan-triggered immune-responsive metabolites (CTIRMs), including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty alcohols, organic and amino acids.
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