Notes

Post-weaning social isolation impairs purinergic signaling within rat mental faculties.
Shame, embarrassment, and some cultural beliefs surrounding the subject of sex education are obstacles to providing adolescents with the necessary information. According to the principles of medical ethics, the main principle in sex education is beneficence, and sometimes infringement of confidentiality has its advantages.[This corrects the article DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.27438.].
To investigate neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the uterine cervix cases for MRI features and staging, as well as pathological correlations and survival.

FIGO was I in 42, II in 14, III in 1, and IV in 5 patients. T2-weighted MRI showed homogeneous slightly high signal intensity and obvious restricted diffusion (ADC map, low intensity; DWI, high intensity) throughout the tumor in most cases, and mild enhancement in two-thirds. In 50 patients who underwent a radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), intrapelvic T staging by MRI overall accuracy was 88.0% with reference to pathology staging, while patient-based sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for metastatic pelvic lymph node detection was 38.5%, 100%, and 83.3%, respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 45.6 months (range 4.3-151.0 months), 28 patients (45.2%) experienced recurrence and 24 (38.7%) died. Three-year progression-free and overall survival rates for FIGO I, II, III, and IV were 64.3% and 80.9%, 50% and 64.3%, 0% and 0%, and 0% and 0%, respectively.

Sixty-two patients with histologically surgery-proven uterine cervical NEC were enrolled. Twelve received NAC. Clinical data, pathological findings, and pretreatment pelvic MRI findings were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-two tumors were pure NEC and 30 mixed with other histotypes. The NECs were small cell type (41), large cell type (18), or a mixture of both (3).

Homogeneous lesion texture with obvious restricted diffusion throughout the tumor are features suggestive of cervical NEC. Our findings show that MRI is reliable for T staging of cervical NEC.
Homogeneous lesion texture with obvious restricted diffusion throughout the tumor are features suggestive of cervical NEC. Our findings show that MRI is reliable for T staging of cervical NEC.Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) constitute a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, lacking efficient treatment options. Based on previous studies, we assessed the anti-proliferative effect of simvastatin, a Rho GTPase interfering drug, in three OCCC cell lines JHOC-5, OVMANA and TOV-21G, and one high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cell line, Caov3. We used the Rho GTPase interfering drug CID-1067700 as a control. All OCCC cell lines were more sensitive to single-agent simvastatin than the HGSOC cells, while all cell lines were less sensitive to CID-1067700 than to simvastatin. Combinations of carboplatin and simvastatin were generally antagonistic. Most treatments inhibited migration, while only simvastatin and CID-1067700 also disrupted actin organization in the OCCC cell lines. All treatments induced a G1 arrest in JHOC-5 and TOV-21G cells. Treatments with simvastatin consistently reduced c-Myc protein expression in all OCCC cell lines and displayed evidence of causing both caspase-mediated apoptotic cell death and autophagic response in a cell line dependent manner. Differences between cell lines in response to the treatments were observed and such differences, including e. g. prior treatment, should be investigated further. Conclusively, simvastatin efficiently controlled OCCC proliferation and migration, thus showing potential as a candidate drug for the treatment of OCCC.
2-methoxyestradiol (2MeOE
) is a natural metabolite of estradiol, which is generated by the action of CYP1A1 enzyme in the liver. We have previously shown that a flaxseed-supplemented diet decreases both the incidence and severity of ovarian cancer in laying hens, also induces CYP1A1 expression in liver. Recently, we have shown that as a biologically derived active component of flax diet, 2MeOE
induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells which is partially dependent on p38 MAPK. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of actions of 2MeOE
, a known microtubule disrupting agent, in inducing apoptosis in ovarian tumors.

2MeOE
induces γH2Ax expression and apoptotic histone modifications in ovarian cancer cells, which are predicted downstream targets of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) during apoptosis. Overexpressing full length PKCδ alone does not induce apoptosis but potentiates 2MeOE
-mediated apoptosis. C3-domain mutated dominant-negative PKCδ (PKCδ
) significantly reduces 2MeOE
-induced caspase-3 cleavage and apoptotic histone modification. Silencing PKCδ diminishes 2MeOE
-mediated apoptosis. The catalytic fragment of PKCδ (PKCδ
) evokes pro-apoptotic effects which are principally dependent on p38 MAPK phosphorylation.

The pro-apoptotic actions of 2MeOE
are in part dependent on catalytic activation of PKCδ. Catalytic activation of PKCδ accelerates the 2MeOE
-induced apoptotic cascade. This study describes a novel molecular action of flaxseed diet in ovarian cancer.
The pro-apoptotic actions of 2MeOE2 are in part dependent on catalytic activation of PKCδ. Encorafenib Catalytic activation of PKCδ accelerates the 2MeOE2-induced apoptotic cascade. This study describes a novel molecular action of flaxseed diet in ovarian cancer.Intercellular communication between tumor cells within the hypoxic microenvironment promote aggressiveness and poor patient prognoses for reasons that remain unclear. Here we show that hypoxic Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) cells release exosomes that promote sphere formation, a stem-like phenotype, in EWS cells by enhancing survival. Analysis of the hypoxic exosomal miRNA cargo identified a HIF-1α regulated miRNA, miR-210, as a potential mediator of sphere formation in cells exposed to hypoxic exosomes. Knockdown of HIF-1α in hypoxic EWS cells led to decreased exosomal miR-210 levels and reduced the capacity of hypoxic exosomes to form spheres. Inhibition of miR-210 in hypoxic spheres attenuated sphere formation and overexpression of miR-210 in normoxic spheres significantly enhanced the number of EWS spheres. Our results indicate that hypoxic exosomal miR-210 targets the proapoptotic protein CASP8AP2 in recipient cells. Moreover, the suppression of CASP8AP2 led to a reduction in apoptotic cells and increased sphere formation.
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