Notes

BPIFB1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry through downregulation associated with GLUT1-mediated H3K27 acetylation within nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
This study examined prevalence and correlates of probable depression and suicidal ideation among Hong Kong Chinese residents amidst the anti-extradition bill protests.

Random digit dialing recruited a population-representative sample of Hong Kong residents aged 15years or older during the first three weeks of July, 2019. Respondents reported current depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, participation in protest activities, attitudes and perceived stress, disruptions to daily routines, and demographics.

Among 1112 respondents, 25.7% reported probable depression, and 9.1% reported suicidal ideation. Multivariable logistic regression showed that persons with higher odds of probable depression had primary education and high disruptions to regular routines of eating, sleep, socializing, and leisure activities. Persons who were at higher odds of suicidal ideation had lower household income, used social media to engage in the protests, and had medium or high disruptions to regular eating and sleep.

During the anti-extradition bill protests, the prevalence of probable depression and suicidal ideation were substantially higher than would be expected and higher than during the Umbrella Movement of 2014. Psychiatric morbidity may be a consequence of massive social movements, particularly among persons with limited protective resources whose daily life is disrupted by these events.
During the anti-extradition bill protests, the prevalence of probable depression and suicidal ideation were substantially higher than would be expected and higher than during the Umbrella Movement of 2014. Psychiatric morbidity may be a consequence of massive social movements, particularly among persons with limited protective resources whose daily life is disrupted by these events.
We examined the associations between material hardship and health outcomes in early adulthood and the extent to which these associations are mediated by perceived stress.

We used wave I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative survey of young adults aged 18-34years old (n= 13,313). Multivariate logistic regression and decomposition methods were used to evaluate the associations between types and depth of material hardship (food, bill-paying, and health resource hardship), health outcomes (self-rated health, depression, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts) in early adulthood, and the extent to which these associations were mediated by perceived stress.

The adjusted odds of fair or poor health status, depression, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts were higher among individuals with material hardship than counterparts without. A considerable proportion of the association between material hardship and health outcomes was attributable to perceived stress.

Material hardship is associated with adverse health outcomes in early adulthood, and these relationships are robust after accounting for various sociodemographic characteristics and family background. Perceived stress accounted for a sizable portion of the effects of material hardship on health.

Efforts to promote health equity in young adults should focus on material hardship and associated stressful conditions.
Efforts to promote health equity in young adults should focus on material hardship and associated stressful conditions.MALP-2, a synthetic lipopeptide is a Toll-like receptor 2 and -6 ligand and agonist. MALP-2 stimulates immune cells at different sites. Local stimulation in the lungs has beneficial effects in experimental pneumococci infection. The presented study investigated local effects of MALP-2 in the mycobacterial infection of lungs. MALP-2 was applied prior, simultaneously or after the pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Colony forming units were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung homogenate. TVB-3166 concentration Numbers of Mycobacterium bovis BCG colony forming units were found to be reduced in two compartments, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung homogenate after treatment with MALP-2 simultaneously to the infection for up to eight weeks. Reduction of the bacterial load in both compartments was also found up to two weeks after local treatment before and after the infection. Thus, macrophage activating lipopeptide-2 enhances the host defence in the lung in acute and long term bacterial infections.Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) has been proved as a target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with specific gene mutations. However, EGFR-TK inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) need to enter cancer cells and then competitively interact with the active site of tyrosine kinase receptors to suppress the downstream signaling pathway to inhibit tumor proliferation. In this study, in order to improve the tumor cell targeting ability of EGFR-TKI, EGFR-TKI erlotinib was conjugated with the cancer cell-targeting heptamethine cyanine dyes to form seventeen novel erlotinib-dye conjugates. The efficiency of tumor targeting properties of conjugates against cancer cell growth and EGFR-TK inhibition was evaluated in vitro. The result revealed that most erlotinib-dye conjugates exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on A549, H460, H1299 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines than the parent drug erlotinib. Meanwhile, representative compounds exhibited weak cytotoxicity on human normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. Moreover, the conjugate CE17 also showed ~14-fold higher EGFR-TK inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.124 μM) than erlotinib (IC50 = 5.182 μM) in A549 cell line. Finally, molecular docking analysis verified that the erlotinib moiety of compound CE17 could form hydrogen bond with Met-769 and occupy active cavity of EGFR-TK. Therefore, we believed the integration strategy between heptamethine cyanine dyes and EGFR-TKI will contribute to enhancing the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKI for NSCLC treatment.Novel progress has been made to understand the adverse pathophysiology in the pancreas of offspring exposed to overnutrition in utero. Our study is the first to evaluate whether the adverse effects of maternal overnutrition on offspring β-cell function are reversible or preventable through preconception maternal diet interventions. Herein, offspring mice were exposed in utero to one of the following maternal normal-fat diet (NF group), maternal high-fat diet (HF group) or maternal diet transition from an HF to NF diet 9 weeks before pregnancy (H9N group). Offspring mice were subjected to postweaning HF diet for 12 weeks. HF offspring, but not H9N, displayed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. HF male offspring had enlarged islet β-cells with reduced β-cell density, whereas, H9N male offspring did not show these changes. Co-immunofluorescent (Co-IF) staining of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) and insulin (Ins) revealed significantly more Glut2+Ins- cells, indicative of insulin degranulation, in HF male offspring but not H9N.
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