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Breastfeeding your baby Encounters Throughout the COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Kingdom: A good Exploratory Study Straight into Expectant mothers Views and Psychological Claims.
Background In low- and middle-income countries, sedentary behavior is widely prevalent in the young. Reliable and valid instruments are essential for evaluating sedentary behavior and physical activity in children and adolescents. Objectives To evaluate the reliability and validity of an easy to use physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents from India. Study design Evaluation of a questionnaire tool. Participants 104 children and adolescents belonging to the age group of 10-17 years were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Methods The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation - Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents [MPAQ(c)] was used to assess the various dimensions of physical activity. Physical activity was also objectively assessed using accelerometer worn around the waist for five complete days. The baseline administration of MPAQ(c) was done between November and December, 2017. Reliability of MPAQ was assessed by repeat administration after 2 weeks for upto a month later. Validity of MPAQ(c) was measured against accelerometer using Spearman's correlation and Bland and Altman agreements. Results Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire revealed good agreement (ICC 0.77 min/wk). Correlation coefficients (95% CI) for sedentary behavior and moderate to vigorous physical activity for MPAQ(c) against accelerometer were 0.52 (0.36, 0.64) and 0.41 (0.23, 0.55), respectively indicating moderate correlation. Good agreement was present between MPAQ(c) and accelerometer for sedentary behavior [mean bias = -4.9 (±2SD -197.1 to 187.3) min/d]. Conclusion MPAQ(c) is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating physical activity in Indian children aged 10-17 years.Objectives In Karnataka state, perinatal mortality rate is almost equal to infant mortality rate. This preliminary study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka to study potential problems to start of perinatal death audit. Methods Hospitals providing maternal and child health care services, which met study inclusion criteria, in Dakshina Kannada and Koppal Districts were included. Following variables were studied (i) Documentation and reporting systems in these hospitals; (ii) Role of health care personnel in documentation and reporting (iii) Existing system of audit, if any. Results Totally 94 hospitals met our criteria with Dakshina Kannda District having 63 (67.02%) and the rest in Koppal District. Documentation and reporting was poor in Koppal District and inadequate in Dakshina Kannada district. learn more Health care personnel were apprehensive about perinatal death audit. Conclusion Problems identified need to be addressed before starting perinatal death audit.Objectives This study was conducted to compare the urinary levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and I-FABP Cr (creatinine) between neonates with necrotising enterocolitis and gestation matched healthy controls. Methods 24 neonates with stage 1, 25 with stage 2 and 3 necrotising enterocolitis and 25 gestation matched (32.99 wk) controls were compared. Single spot urine sample was collected for estimating the IFABP and creatinine levels. Results Median (IQR) value of urinary I-FABP were higher in those with stage 2, 3 NEC [2773 (2417.7- 2820)] than stage 1 NEC [1164 pg/mL (1341.5 - 2213.4)] and controls 413 (113 - 729.7); pg/mL P less then 0.001. Urinary I-FABP Cr levels of 3.6 pg/mmoL had a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 99.5%, respectively in diagnosing stage 2/3 NEC. Conclusion Urinary IFABP Creatine ratio of 3.6 pg/mmoL is highly specific for stage 2 and 3 NEC.Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a devastating complication in children with epilepsy. Children with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions, nocturnal seizures, and co-morbid developmental delay/intellectual disability are at higher risk of SUDEP. The pathogenic mechanisms are incompletely understood and involve cardiac, respiratory, autonomic and cerebral dysfunction. Prone positioning is also significantly associated with SUDEP and may be a target for SUDEP prevention. Good epilepsy control also attenuates the risk; hence, it is important to provide adequate antiepileptic drug therapy with stress on drug compliance as well as early surgical referral for seizure control, wherever necessary. It is recommended that parents of children with epilepsy be counseled about the risk factors for SUDEP and potential measures of SUDEP prevention. We herein provide a pediatric perspective of the problem and guidance about parental counselling for its prevention.The health crisis situation we have experienced caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus has changed our daily life in numerous aspects, including those related to training (undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education, etc). Training activities, conferences, lectures, face-to-face workshops were suspended until the Health Situation was over. Alternatives to face-to-face training were needed to guarantee the continuity of these activities. Online training, teaching and evaluation emerged as a relatively fast, simple, operational and flexible solution. Universities and faculties promoted online teaching through virtual classes. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy supported this initiative by signing an agreement with the Board of Deans and Chancellors of Pharmacy to make it possible for undergraduate students to continue their studies and supervised practices in hospital pharmacy departments. Specialized training was affected. Pharmacy residency programs were significantly modified by hospital pharmacies to be able to provide the new clinical and research activities required, everyday, by the pandemic situation. Postgraduate and residency training were also negatively affected. Again, online activities made up for restrictions to face-to-face teaching and training. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy promoted continuing education and provided updated information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus through its website. Thus, numerous virtual sessions, lectures and webinars have been held, and high-quality material was offered to provide up-todate knowledge, on the pharmacological management of patients with COVID-19. Online teaching and education has demonstrated to be an invaluable tool for hard times. During the lockdown, technology has kept us closer and has emerged as an ally. Many of us have found a new means of communication, information, and training. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy has substantially contributed to make it possible.
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