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Exploring the dynamic responses of a material is of importance to both understanding its fundamental physics at high frequencies and potential device applications. Here we develop a phase-field model for predicting the dynamics of ferroelectric materials and study the dynamic responses of ferroelectric domains and domain walls subjected to an ultrafast electric-field pulse. We discover a transition of domain evolution mechanisms from pure domain growth at a relatively low field to combined nucleation and growth of domains at a high field. We derive analytical models for the two regimes which allow us to extract the effective mass and damping coefficient of ferroelectric domain walls. The exhibition of two regimes for the ferroelectric domain dynamics at low and high electric fields is expected to be a general phenomenon that would appear for ferroic domains under other ultrafast stimuli. The present Letter also offers a general framework for studying domain dynamics and obtaining fundamental properties of domain walls and thus for manipulating the dynamic functionalities of ferroelectric materials.A powerful perspective in understanding nonequilibrium quantum dynamics is through the time evolution of its entanglement content. Yet apart from a few guiding principles for the entanglement entropy, to date, much less is known about the refined characteristics of entanglement propagation. Here, we unveil signatures of the entanglement evolving and information propagating out of equilibrium, from the view of the entanglement Hamiltonian. We investigate quantum quench dynamics of prototypical Bose-Hubbard model using state-of-the-art numerical technique combined with conformal field theory. Before reaching equilibrium, it is found that a current operator emerges in the entanglement Hamiltonian, implying that entanglement spreading is carried by particle flow. In the long-time limit the subsystem enters a steady phase, evidenced by the dynamic convergence of the entanglement Hamiltonian to the expectation of a thermal ensemble. Importantly, the entanglement temperature in steady state is spatially independent, which provides an intuitive trait of equilibrium. These findings not only provide crucial information on how equilibrium statistical mechanics emerges in many-body dynamics, but also add a tool to exploring quantum dynamics from the perspective of the entanglement Hamiltonian.It has been known for more than a decade that phonons can produce an off-diagonal thermal conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field. Recent studies of thermal Hall conductivity, κ_xy, in a variety of contexts, however, have assumed a negligibly small phonon contribution. We present a study of κ_xy in quantum paraelectric SrTiO_3, which is a nonmagnetic insulator and find that its peak value exceeds what has been reported in any other insulator, including those in which the signal has been qualified as "giant." Remarkably, κ_xy(T) and κ(T) peak at the same temperature and the former decreases faster than the latter at both sides of the peak. Interestingly, in the case of La_2CuO_4 and α-RuCl_3, κ_xy(T) and κ(T) peak also at the same temperature. We also studied KTaO_3 and found a small signal, indicating that a sizable κ_xy(T) is not a generic feature of quantum paraelectrics. Combined to other observations, this points to a crucial role played by antiferrodistortive domains in generating κ_xy of this solid.The chain rule for the classical relative entropy ensures that the relative entropy between probability distributions on multipartite systems can be decomposed into a sum of relative entropies of suitably chosen conditional distributions on the individual systems. Tanespimycin chemical structure Here, we prove a chain rule inequality for the quantum relative entropy. The new chain rule allows us to solve an open problem in the context of asymptotic quantum channel discrimination surprisingly, adaptive protocols cannot improve the error rate for asymmetric channel discrimination compared to nonadaptive strategies.When rotating classical fluid drops merge together, angular momentum can be advected from one to another due to the viscous shear flow at the drop interface. It remains elusive what the corresponding mechanism is in inviscid quantum fluids such as Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Here we report our theoretical study of an initially static BEC merging with a rotating BEC in three-dimensional space along the rotational axis. We show that a solitonlike sheet, resembling a corkscrew, spontaneously emerges at the interface. Rapid angular-momentum transfer at a constant rate universally proportional to the initial angular-momentum density is observed. Strikingly, this transfer does not necessarily involve fluid advection or drifting of the quantized vortices. We reveal that the corkscrew structure can exert a torque that directly creates angular momentum in the static BEC and annihilates angular momentum in the rotating BEC. Uncovering this intriguing angular-momentum transport mechanism may benefit our understanding of various coherent matter-wave systems, spanning from atomtronics on chips to dark matter BECs at cosmic scales.Dirac materials, unlike the Weyl materials, have not been found in experiments to support intrinsic topological surface states, as the surface arcs in existing systems are unstable against symmetry-preserving perturbations. Utilizing the proposed glide and time-reversal symmetries, we theoretically design and experimentally verify an acoustic crystal of two frequency-isolated three-dimensional Dirac points with Z_2 monopole charges and four gapless helicoid surface states.It is quite easy to control spin polarization and the spin direction of a system via magnetic fields. However, there is no such direct and efficient way to manipulate the valley pseudospin degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that it is possible to realize valley polarization and valley inversion in graphene by using both strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields and real magnetic fields. Pseudomagnetic fields, which are quite different from real magnetic fields, point in opposite directions at the two distinct valleys of graphene. Therefore, the coexistence of pseudomagnetic fields and real magnetic fields leads to imbalanced effective magnetic fields at two distinct valleys of graphene. This allows us to control the valley in graphene as conveniently as the electron spin. In this work, we report a consistent observation of valley polarization and inversion in strained graphene via pseudo-Landau levels, splitting of real Landau levels, and valley splitting of confined states using scanning tunneling spectroscopy.
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