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Nodular scleritis and necrotizing scleritis are rare complications of acanthamoeba keratitis. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine mw This article presents the case of a 61-year-old female patient who had suffered from persistent keratitis in the right eye for more than 4 months. The patient was initially treated with propamidine isethionate and polyhexamethylene biguanide eye drops. A penetrating limbo-keratoplasty was performed. Examination of the corneal explant showed acanthamoeba cysts. In the following 5 months the sclera showed recurrent abscesses. A total of two thermal cauterizations and three amniotic membrane grafts were carried out. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sclerokeratitis after acanthamoeba keratitis which was treated with a combination of thermal cauterization and amniotic membrane transplantation. Further studies are necessary to investigate this procedure as an alternative to the established cryotherapy.In this work, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was fabricated for the selective detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165). g-C3N4/PDDA/CdSe nanocomposites were used as the ECL substrate. Then, DNA labeled at the 5' end with amino groups (DNA1) was immobilized on the surface of g-C3N4/PDDA/CdSe nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by amido linkage. AuNP-labeled target DNA (Au-DNA2) could hybridize with DNA1 to form a double strand. The ECL of the g-C3N4/PDDA/CdSe nanocomposite was efficiently quenched due to the resonance energy transfer between CdSe QDs and Au NPs. After VEGF165 was recognized and bound by Au-DNA2, the double helix was disrupted, and the energy transfer was broken. In this case, Au-DNA2 was released from the electrode surface, and the ECL intensity recovered to a higher level. Under optimal conditions, this ECL biosensor possesses excellent selectivity, accuracy, and stability for VEGF165 detection in a linear range of 2 pg mL-1 to 2 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.68 pg mL-1. In addition, this assay has been successfully applied to the determination of VEGF165 in serum samples. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a g-C3N4/PDDA/CdSe nanocomposite, which can be determined in the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum.A novel electrochemical sensor, platinum nanoparticles/graphene nanoplatelets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/β-cyclodextrin composite (PtNPs-GNPs-MWCNTs-β-CD) modified carbon glass electrode (GCE), was fabricated and used for the sensitive detection of folic acid (FA). The PtNPs-GNPs-MWCNTs-β-CD nanocomposite was easily prepared with an ultrasound-assisted assembly method, and it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical behavior of FA at PtNPs-GNPs-MWCNTs-β-CD/GCE was investigated in detail. Some key experimental parameters such as pH, amount of PtNPs-GNPs-MWCNTs-β-CD composite, and scan rate were optimized. A good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9942) between peak current of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and FA concentration in the range 0.02-0.50 mmol L-1 was observed at PtNPs-GNPs-MWCNTs-β-CD/GCE. The detection limit was 0.48 μmol L-1 (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). A recovery of 97.55-102.96% was obtained for the determination of FA in FA pills (containing 0.4 mg FA per pill) at PtNPs-GNPs-MWCNTs-β-CD/GCE, indicating that the modified electrode possessed relatively high sensitivity and stability for the determination of FA in real samples.A rapid, simple, and sensitive technique for the quantitative detection of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in biological fluids was developed based on the combination of field-amplified sample stacking (FASS)-related capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME). The extraction efficiency of UA-DLLME was strongly related to extraction time, salt concentration, type of extraction and dispersion solvents, and volume of extraction and dispersion solvents. The extracted fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in a mixture of 50% methanol and 50% deionized water were efficiently stacked using FASS and then separated using cyclodextrin-modified CE. Under optimal conditions of FASS (chiral selector, 3 mM trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; and background electrolyte, 100 mM phosphate buffer) and UA-DLLME (extraction solvent, 200 μL of acetone; and dispersed solvent, 50 μL of C2H2Cl4 in 1 mL of the sample solution), the obtained enrichment factors of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers reached approximately 2000. The linear ranges for the quantification of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers were 0.3-150 and 0.6-150 nM, respectively. The relative standard deviations in peak areas and migration time for four analytes were less than 3.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The proposed system provided limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for four analytes corresponding to 0.1 nM. The precision and accuracy for urine and serum samples were less than 6.8 and 8.3%, respectively. These findings suggested that the proposed system exhibited a high potential for the reliable determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in clinical samples. Graphical abstract.OBJECTIVE The recommended durations of treatment for acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) and acute pyelonephritis (APN) are different. This study aimed to clarify the sonographic findings used to differentiate AFBN from APN during diagnosis and to compare these findings with those obtained using computed tomography (CT). METHODS Eleven children with urinary tract infection who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and ultrasound examinations within a 24-h period were included. Diagnoses of AFBN and APN were established using CT data as the gold standard; viz., a focal area of poor enhancement is observed in AFBN but not in APN. The following ultrasound findings were evaluated focal loss of corticomedullary differentiation (one/multiple), focal hyperechogenicity, abscess formation, and diffuse nephromegaly. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 11 patients, 8 had AFBN and 3 had APN. The two groups differed significantly in the incidence of a focal loss of corticomedullary differentiation (present/absent, 8/8 vs.
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