Notes

[Organ contributions throughout Algeria: limitations along with perspectives].
Genetic variants in large conductance voltage and calcium sensitive potassium (BKCa) channels have associations with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, fragile X syndrome, and intellectual disability. In the case of fragile X syndrome, early preclinical studies suggest that BKCa channels may be a promising treatment target for neurodevelopmental disorders. While BKCa channel dysfunction has been investigated within the context of fragile X syndrome, it is unknown whether interference with BKCa channel function is inductive for deficits in behavioral domains relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. This represents a critical gap in our knowledge regarding the relationship between BKCa dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders. To explore this concept, we used the BKCa channel antagonist paxilline to evaluate the role of BKCa channel function in phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we used adult male C57BL/6J mice and a series of behavioral paradigms which assessed anxiety-like behavior, locomotor activity, social behavior, and repetitive self-grooming. We found that acute inhibition with paxilline induced a specific social deficit, but not anxiety-like behavior, or hyperactivity. These findings demonstrate proof-of-concept regarding a relationship between BKCa channel impairment and social behavior. Although this is a limited characterization of the BKCa channel in autistic-like behaviors, it provides evidence for this link. Future studies which examine the effective dose range of paxilline and exhaustive assays of behavior relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders will be needed to delineate the parametric space of the paxilline effect, particularly during critical periods of development, and its potential for therapeutic use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Most psycholinguistic models of reading aloud and of speech production do not include linguistic representations more fine-grained than the phoneme, despite the fact that the available empirical evidence suggests that feature-level representations are activated during reading aloud and speech production. In a series of masked-priming experiments that employed the reading aloud task, we investigated effects of phonological features, such as voicing, place of articulation, and constriction location, on response latencies in English and Russian. Belinostat supplier We propose a hypothesis that predicts greater likelihood of obtaining feature-priming effects when the onsets of the prime and the target share more feature values than when they share fewer. We found that prime-target pairs whose onsets differed only in voicing (e.g., /p/-/b/) primed each other consistently in Russian, as has already been found in English. Response latencies for prime-target pairs whose onsets differed in place of articulation (e.g., /b/-/d/) patterned differently in English and Russian. Prime-target pairs whose onsets differed in constriction location only (e.g., /s/ and /ʂ/) did not yield a priming effect in Russian. We conclude that feature-priming effects are modulated not only by the phonological similarity between the onsets of primes and targets but also by the dynamics of feature activation and by the language-specific relationship between orthography and phonology. Our findings suggest that feature-level representations need to be included in models of reading aloud and of speech production if we are to move forward with theorizing in these research domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Given military veterans' underutilization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment, it is important to explore factors that may facilitate or stand in the way of treatment seeking for this population. The purpose of this study was to provide an initial examination of military veterans' mental health literacy as it relates to PTSD and its treatment. One-hundred and 32 post-9/11 veterans were recruited for this web-based study. A vignette-based approach was employed to examine veterans' mental health literacy and relationships between mental health literacy and dimensions of stigma. Consistent with hypotheses, results revealed relatively higher levels of PTSD problem recognition, and lower levels of knowledge about evidence-based treatments and self-help strategies within this veteran sample. Correlational results provided partial support for our hypotheses Mental health literacy was inversely associated with negative beliefs about mental health problems and treatments, but not significantly related to other dimensions of stigma. This study highlights potential targets for mental health literacy interventions and points to the value of additional research on the role of mental health literacy in veterans' treatment seeking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The increasing frequency of college students' use of crisis mental health services at college counseling centers is exacerbating the existing challenges college counseling centers face to meet students' growing demand for mental healthcare on campus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether any clinical or demographic variables distinguished between students in the clinical population who did and did not use crisis services, including crisis walk-in sessions and transport to the hospital for emergency psychiatric evaluation. Clinical and demographic data from the intake paperwork of 408 students who received services from a university counseling center over a 2-year time-period were collected and analyzed to determine whether any variables were associated with significantly higher levels of crisis service use. Only prior use of self-harm as a coping strategy was associated with both increased likelihood of accessing crisis walk-in sessions and hospital transports. Black students were more likely to use crisis walk-in sessions than White students and students with a history of prior counseling were more likely to attend multiple crisis walk-in sessions. A higher likelihood of being transported to the hospital was associated with history of prior counseling, suicidal ideation at intake, higher scores on the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 depression and social anxiety subscales, and use of one versus multiple crisis walk-in sessions. Results are discussed in the context of how counseling centers might employ these findings to identify students who are more likely to require crisis services and target interventions proactively to mitigate this need. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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