Notes

Ubiquitination and also Deubiquitination in Mouth Illness.
Logistic regression models revealed the importance of pain intensity scores, medication use, paresthesia coverage (for back pain) and EQ5D (for leg pain) as predictors for being a responder after 12 months of HD-SCS. CONCLUSIONS Converting patients with unsatisfactory responses from standard SCS to HD-SCS may be an effective strategy to obtain and maintain pain relief in a challenging subgroup of patients with FBSS refractory to standard SCS. The prediction models may guide clinicians in their decision making when considering conversion to HD-SCS in patients with FBSS experiencing inadequate response to standard SCS. © 2020 International Neuromodulation Society.BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma is a rare malignancy originating from pluripotent stem cells with unknown etiology. An understanding of the etiology in pediatric hepatoblastoma has been hampered by the unavailability of sufficient patient samples. To date, only a few epidemiological studies with small sample sizes have been performed investigating risk factors for hepatoblastoma. TP53 and pri-miR-34b/c genes are implicated in the tumorigenesis, yet the role of their polymorphisms in hepatoblastoma susceptibility remains unknown. METHODS We conducted a seven-center case-control study to explore the genetic variants predisposing to hepatoblastoma susceptibility. In our study, we genotyped two functional polymorphisms, the TP53 rs1042522 C>G (Arg72Pro) and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T>C, in 313 cases and 1446 controls using the TaqMan method. RESULTS Single loci analysis showed that neither TP53 rs1042522 C>G, nor miR-34b/c rs4938723 T>C significantly modified hepatoblastoma risk. In the stratification analysis, we identified that the miR-34b/c rs4938723 TC/CC genotypes were associated with a decreased risk in patients with clinical stages III + IV hepatoblastoma (adjusted odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = 0.33-0.84, P=0.007] compared to the rs4938723 TT genotype. Subsequent analysis further showed that the combination of TP53 and miR-34b/c variant genotypes had no impact on susceptibility hepatoblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, TP53 rs1042522 C>G and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T>C may not confer hepatoblastoma susceptibility. These findings may aid in our understanding of the genetic etiology of hepatoblastoma. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The placenta is a complex life-history trait that is ubiquitous across the tree of life. Theory proposes that the placenta evolves in response to high performance-demanding conditions by shifting maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilisation, thereby reducing a female's reproductive burden during pregnancy. We test this hypothesis by studying populations of the fish species Poeciliopsis retropinna in Costa Rica. We found substantial variation in the degree of placentation among natural populations associated with predation risk females from high predation populations had significantly higher degrees of placentation compared to low predation females, while number, size and quality of offspring at birth remained unaffected. Moreover, a higher degree of placentation correlated with a lower reproductive burden and hence likely an improved swimming performance during pregnancy. Our study advances an adaptive explanation for why the placenta evolves by arguing that an increased degree of placentation offers a selective advantage in high predation environments. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM To explore interventions and strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients with a short-term indwelling urinary catheter. BACKGROUND Interventions and strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections are reported in the literature, but it is not clear which might be relevant when the indwelling urinary catheter is in place for a short period of time. METHODS An integrative review was performed. A search was undertaken in databases using the following search terms "urinary catheter, bladder catheter OR urethral catheter*"and "bundl* OR care OR manag* OR intervent*." Electronic databases were searched up until June 2019. Manual searching of reference lists of included studies was undertaken. Twelve studies reported in 15 articles were identified and analysed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Multifaceted interventions were informed by evidence-based protocols or guidelines. Implementation strategies included local adaption of guidelines or protocols, use of an opinion leader, audit and feedback, multidisciplinary team involvement, reminders and stop orders, and education and training. CONCLUSION Multifaceted, evidence-based interventions to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections are effective in preventing infections in patients with short-term urinary catheters. However, there is little evidence to inform which combined strategies are more likely to be effective. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Pharmacogenetics (PGx) aims to improve drug therapy using the individual patients' genetic make-up. Little is known about the potential impact of PGx on the population level, possibly hindering implementation of PGx in clinical care. Therefore, we investigated how many patients use actionable PGx drugs, have actionable genotypes or phenotypes and which patients could benefit the most of PGx testing. We included PGx recommendations from two international PGx consortia (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG)). Using data from publically accessible sales information drawn from the Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics (MEDSTAT), we identified the number of users of actionable prescription PGx drugs among the total Danish population in 2017. We estimated actionable genotypes or phenotypes based on reported frequencies from literature. We identified 49 drug-gene interactions related to 41 unique prescription drugs. The estimated median frequency of actionable genotypes or phenotypes among prescription drug users was 25% (interquartile range 7-26%). Six of 41 drugs were used more than twice as much in women. Actionable PGx drugs were most frequently used by 45-79 year old patients (62%), followed by 25-44 year old patients (18%). Almost half of the actionable PGx drugs (19/41) were psychotropics (i.e., antidepressants, antipsychotics, or psychostimulants). Stem Cells inhibitor PGx testing can have a substantial impact on the population, as one in four prescription drug users has an actionable genotype or phenotype and could thus benefit from PGx testing. We advocate for prospective panel-based PGx testing at the time of the first PGx drug prescription ("as needed"), with PGx results ready prior to start of the first, and all future, therapies. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
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