Notes

Nanodiamonds functionality employing lasting centered pv thermal power: applications inside bioimaging and phototherapy.
413 to 0.722 for items in physician-related distress, and 0.492 to 0.556 for items in interpersonal distress. The Cronbach's alpha value of the SADDS was 0.848 for the total scale. find more The test-retest reliability value was 0.78.

Our SADDS is a valid and reliable instrument for detecting diabetes distress among Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes.
Our SADDS is a valid and reliable instrument for detecting diabetes distress among Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes.
To translate the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) into Arabic language, cross-culturally adapt and test its reliability and validity among Saudi pregnant women.

Pregnancy physical activity questionnaire, which consisted of 36 items, was translated to Arabic following the World Health Organization's guidelines for tool translation (forward translation, expert panel and back translation, pretesting and cognitive interviewing, and final version), followed by validation by experts. This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected from 118 healthy pregnant Saudi women from May to June 2019. Validity included content validity indices (CVI) and construct validity by Rasch analysis. Reliability was assessed by test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

The mean age of the participants was 30.15 ± 5.59 years; 38.2% of them had normal pre-gestational body mass index (n=45). The median of total energy expenditure in physical activity was 356.1 METs.h/week (IQR=162.3-648.3). Item content validity index was good ranging between 0.8-1. Rasch analysis showed good construct validity and excellent reliability for all types of physical activity (>0.89).

This Arabic PPAQ is a reliable and valid tool that can be used in Arab countries.
This Arabic PPAQ is a reliable and valid tool that can be used in Arab countries.
To assess the oxidation state and gene expression profiles of relevant enzymes in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) patients in Saudi Arabia.

Current case-control study involved plasma and placental tissue samples from 25 IUGR patients and 25 healthy pregnant (HP) women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between April and November 2017. We compared hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, malondialdehyde, and oxidative stress markers levels and the activities of glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione reductase [GR], glutathione S-transferase [GST], glutamate cysteine ligase [GCL], glutathione synthetase [GS], reduced glutathione [GSH], oxidized glutathione [GSSG], and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD
], and reduced NAD [NADH]) between the 2 groups. We also compared differential expression levels of glutathione-related enzyme genes using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Oxidative stress markers significantly differed in IUGR samples, while GSH levels and GPx, GR, GST, GCL, and GS activities and their placental mRNA transcriptional levels were significantly lower. Plasma and placental NAD
levels were also significantly lower, while NADH levels were significantly higher, causing lowered NAD
-NADH ratios in the IUGR group compared to control.

Intrauterine growth restriction patients show a metabolic shift in favor of oxidation compared to HP women.
Intrauterine growth restriction patients show a metabolic shift in favor of oxidation compared to HP women.Arab Gulf Cooperation Council countries are considered as one of the most regions exhibiting a high prevalence of diabetes including the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and United Arab of Emirates, which have similar population characteristics (for example, religion, language, lifestyle, diet, and income). The frequency rate of diabetes in these countries ranged from 8 to 22% according to the last International Diabetes Federation (IDF) report. Many factors impact the prevalence in this region including obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, increased life expectancy, increased healthcare expenditures, increased the incidence of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) among children and young persons, and genetic susceptibility. This study aims to review the published papers on the incidence of T2DM and explore the most reasons behind elevated incidence of T2DM in these countries.
In peripheral artery disease, two different types of calcifications are frequently observed, i.e., medial and intimal calcification.

The aim of this study is to determine the ability of intra-vessel ultrasound imaging (IVUS) and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) to detect medial and intimal calcification in human peripheral arteries.

We performed ex vivo intravascular imaging of cadaveric human peripheral arteries with calcifications. IVUS and OFDI images were co-registered with histology. A total 12 legs from 9 patients were examined, and 438 cross-sectional images were co-registered with histology.

OFDI could detected 183 of 231 intimal calcification by histology, whereas IVUS could detect 194 [OFDI; sensitivity, 79%, specificity, 86%, area under the curve (AUC), 0.83; IVUS; sensitivity, 84%, specificity, 85%, AUC, 0.85]. Of 245 medial calcifications by histology, 160 and 164 were detected by OFDI and IVUS, respectively (OFDI; sensitivity, 65%, specificity, 85%, AUC, 0.75; IVUS; sensitivity, 6ince different approaches should be required.The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) has been an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its essentiality for tumor growth. Krall et al. found that under ETC dysfunction, a decrease in asparagine limits cancer cell proliferation and activates the integrated stress response, creating a therapeutically exploitable metabolic vulnerability.
Dynamic myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) has emerged as a potential strategy to combine anatomical and functional evaluation in a single modality. However, this method results in a high radiation dose.

Dynamic CTP was performed in 56 patients with suspected or known ischemic heart disease of whom 48 had complete CT-data. Datasets with reduced sampling rate of 2- and 3 RR-intervals (2RR and 3RR) were constructed post hoc. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) estimates from the 2RR and 3RR datasets were compared with estimates based on the full dataset (1RR) using the two one-sided test of equivalence for paired samples.

Significant equivalence was found for rest MBF
(p<0.001), stress MBF
(p<0.001) and for the CFR
(p=0.005) when comparing 2RR blood flow estimates with the results based on the 1RR dataset. The 2RR reconstruction protocol led to an estimated reduction in radiation dose of 35.4±3.8%.

MBF can be quantitated with dynamic CTP using a sampling strategy of one volume for every second heartbeat.
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