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The buffer excites a weak Fabry-Perot resonance, which interacts with the TDWA structure, the result of which is the two absorption peaks are varied. Finally, as the incidence angle of light increases up to 5.3°, the distance of the two peak wavelengths is tuned from ∼22 nm to ∼77 nm with ≥ 96% absorption or ≥ 93% reflectance in each mode.The application of the adiabatic geometric phase (AGP) to nonlinear frequency conversion may help to develop new types of all-optical devices, which leads to all-optical modulation of the phase front of one wave by the intensity of other waves. In this paper, we develop the canonical Hamilton equation and a corresponding geometric representation for two schemes of four-wave mixing (FWM) processes (ω1 + ω2 = ω3 + ω4 and ω1 + ω2 + ω3 = ω4), which can precisely describe and calculate the AGP controlled by the quasi-phase matching technique. The AGPs of the idler (ω1) and signal (ω4) waves for these two schemes of FWM are studied systematically when the two pump waves (ω2 and ω3) are in either the undepleted or in the depleted pump cases, respectively. The analysis reveals that the proposed methods for calculating the AGP are universal in both cases. We expect that the analysis of AGP in FWM processes can be applied to all-optically shaping or encoding of ultrafast light pulse.A joint and robust optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and modulation format monitoring scheme using an artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed and demonstrated via both numerical simulations and experiments. Before ANN, the power iteration method in Stoke space is employed to estimate the phase difference between two orthogonal polarizations caused by fiber birefringence. Then, a three layers ANN is employed to approximate the relationship between the cumulative distribution function of a single Stokes parameter (S2) and the targeted OSNR and format information. The simulation results show that the probability of OSNR estimation error within 1dB in the proposed scheme is 100%, 99.78%, 100%, 99.78% and 98.89% for 28GS/s QPSK, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM and 64QAM, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme also shows high modulation format identification accuracy in the presence of nonlinear Kerr effect and residual chromatic dispersion. With 1 dB OSNR estimation error, the proposed scheme can tolerate the residual chromatic dispersion and phase-related polarization rotation rate up to 100ps/nm and 50kHz, respectively. The experimental results also further confirm that the proposed scheme shows high modulation identification accuracy for 28GS/s QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM under the scenarios of both back-to-back and fiber transmission. Meanwhile, with the launched power of 0dBm, the mean OSNR estimation error in our scheme is smaller than 1 dB within ±160ps/nm residual chromatic dispersion after fiber transmission.Nanophotonic materials enable unprecedented control of light-matter interactions, including the ability to dynamically steer or shape wavefronts. find more Consequently, nanophotonic systems such as metasurfaces have been touted as promising candidates for free-space optical communications, directed energy and additive manufacturing, which currently rely on slow mechanical scanners or electro-optical components for beam steering and shaping. However, such applications necessitate the ability to support high laser irradiances (> kW/cm2) and systematic studies on the high-power laser damage performance of nanophotonic materials and designs are sparse. Here, we experimentally investigate the pulsed laser-induced damage performance (at λ ∼ 1 µm) of model nanophotonic thin films including gold, indium tin oxide, and refractory materials such as titanium nitride and titanium oxynitride. We also model the spatio-thermal dissipation dynamics upon single-pulse illumination by anchoring experimental laser damage thresholds. Our findings show that gold exhibits the best laser damage resistance, but we argue that alternative materials such as transparent conducting oxides could be optimized to balance the tradeoff between damage resistance and optical tunability, which is critical for the design of thermally robust nanophotonic systems. We also discuss damage mitigation and ruggedization strategies for future device-scale studies and applications requiring high power beam manipulation.As the key component of the image mapping spectrometer, the image mapper introduces complex image degradation in the reconstructed images, including low spatial resolution and intensity artifacts. In this paper, we propose a novel image processing method based on the convolutional neural network to perform artifact correction and super-resolution (SR) simultaneously. The proposed joint network contains two branches to handle the artifact correction task and SR task in parallel. The artifact correction module is designed to remove the artifacts in the image and the SR module is used to improve the spatial resolution. An attention fusion module is constructed to combine the features extracted by the artifact correction and SR modules. The fused features are used to reconstruct an artifact-free high-resolution image. We present extensive simulation results to demonstrate that the proposed joint method outperforms state-of-the-art methods and can be generalized to other image mapper designs. We also provide experimental results to prove the efficiency of the joint network.Stray light is a known strong interference in spectroscopic measurements. Photons from high-intensity signals that are scattered inside the spectrometer, or photons that enter the detector through unintended ways, will be added to the spectrum as an interference signal. A general experimental solution to this problem is presented here by introducing a customized fiber for signal collection. The fiber-mount to the spectrometer consists of a periodically arranged fiber array that, combined with lock-in analysis of the data, is capable of suppressing stray light for improved spectroscopy. The method, which is referred to as fiber-based periodic shadowing, was applied to Raman spectroscopy in combustion. The fiber-based stray-light suppression method is implemented in an experimental setup with a high-power high-repetition-rate laser system used for Raman measurements in different room-temperature gas mixtures and a premixed flame. It is shown that the stray-light level is reduced by up to a factor of 80. Weak spectral lines can be distinguished, and therefore better molecular species identification, as well as concentration and temperature evaluation, were performed.
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