Notes

Methodical evaluation of a few pectic polysaccharides extracted from apple company pomace through regulation of subcritical water circumstances.
To analyze the long-term quality of life (QOL) among oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) survivors.

Retrospective chart analysis and patient response to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Core Module (EORTC QLQ-C30), Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35), and M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) survey questionnaires.

All survivors of OPSCC diagnosed and treated between 2000 and 2009 in Finland were included. There were 263 survivors (44.2% of all curatively treated patients), of which a total of 164 participated in this study (62.4%). Median follow-up was 11.79 years (range = 8.59-18.53 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 4.64 years). The mean age of the participants was 67.9 years (standard deviation = 8.0 years) at QOL follow-up.

Most survivors reported a good QOL. The EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status median was 75.00 (IQR = 31.25). The single modality treatment group had significantly better QOL outcomes than the combined treatment group. Nonsmokers and previous smokers had significantly better QOL outcomes than patients who smoked at the time of diagnosis. A history of heavy alcohol use resulted in significantly worse QOL outcomes. The p16-positive cancer patients had significantly better QOL outcomes than p16-negative patients. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube-dependent patients reported a significantly worse QOL than patients without a PEG tube.

Long-term QOL in OPSCC survivors is generally good. In line with previous literature, single modality treatment was superior to combined treatment in long-term QOL outcomes, and it should be pursued whenever possible.

4 Laryngoscope, 2020.
4 Laryngoscope, 2020.Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular tumor mostly occurring due to the biallelic loss of RB1 gene in the developing retina. Early studies of genomic aberrations in RB have provided a valuable insight into how RB can progress following the tumor-initiating RB1 mutations and have established a notion that inactivation of RB1 gene is critical to initiate RB but this causative genetic lesion alone is not sufficient for malignant progression. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, we now have access to the comprehensive genomic and epigenetic landscape of RB and have come to appreciate that RB tumorigenesis requires both genetic and epigenetic alterations that might be directly or indirectly driven by RB1 loss. This integrative perspective on RB tumorigenesis has inspired research efforts to better understand the types and functions of epigenetic mechanisms contributing to RB development, leading to the identification of multiple epigenetic regulators misregulated in RB in recent years. A complete understanding of the intricate network of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulation of gene expression during RB tumorigenesis remains a major challenge but would be crucial to translate these findings into therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will provide an overview of chromatin regulators identified to be misregulated in human RB among the numerous epigenetic factors implicated in RB development. For a subset of these chromatin regulators, recent findings on their functions in RB development and potential therapeutic applications are discussed.This study developed a two-dimensional heart-cutting LC method for the separation of amino acid enantiomers. selleck Two approaches for achiral separation of amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan, were selected. Amino acids were separated on C18 or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns in first dimension after their enantiomer separation on a teicoplanin chiral column in second dimension. Mobile phases for both separation systems were optimized by testing different types of organic modifiers, concentrations of ion-pair agent (sodium 1-octanesulfonate), and ionic modifier (ammonium acetate). The resolution of enantiomers higher than 1.5 for both amino acids was achieved using a C18-teicoplanin coupled column separation system with mobile phases methanol/2 mM sodium 1-octanesulfonate (1090 and 7525, step gradient between achiral and chiral columns, respectively). The lower resolution of amino acid enantiomers (RS ˃ 0.9), but higher column efficiency, was achieved on a HILIC-teicoplanin separation system with mobile phases acetonitrile/50 mM ammonium acetate (9010 and 8020, step gradient between achiral and chiral columns, respectively). The developed heart-cutting 2D-LC methods were validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy. The results suggested that the developed methods were applicable for the simultaneous determination of amino acid enantiomers in the dietary supplement. The sample contained l-phenylalanine and l-tryptophan.
Effectiveness of tax policies to control cigarette consumption largely depends on the sensitivity of cigarette demand due to price change. Price elasticity is the measurement of this responsiveness. The main objective of this study is to measure quantity, and quality price elasticity of demand (PED) and cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) for Iranian and non-Iranian cigarette brands in Iran.

This study used data from the 2017 Iranian household income and expenditures survey conducted in all 31 provinces of Iran. A total of 39,864 households were included in the survey. PED of quantity and quality and XED were estimated using restricted, unrestricted and quintile regression models.

Our results s show that the Iranian and non-Iranians brands cigarettes were price inelastic and elastic, respectively. XED between Iranian and non-Iranian brands was positive suggesting households' preference for Iranian brands of cigarettes over non-Iranian brands. Quintile regression results suggest that PED varied between -1.20 and -0.91 across the distribution of quantity demanded.

Imposing tax could be a useful policy tool to control smoking initiation and intensity in Iran. However, the effectiveness of such policy would depend on the better governance of taxation imposed on different brands of cigarettes.
Imposing tax could be a useful policy tool to control smoking initiation and intensity in Iran. However, the effectiveness of such policy would depend on the better governance of taxation imposed on different brands of cigarettes.
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