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Planar light-wave circuit-based switchable LP11a-LP11b function turn.
Identification of optimal hand positions and development of a formal nomenclature has the potential to help trainees adopt hand positions in an informed manner, influence instrument design, and improve surgical outcomes.
To compare the corneal outcome in Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (FED) patients between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phaco surgery (CPS).

This was a randomized controlled study comparing one eye surgery by FLACS and the contralateral eye operated by CPS (stop and chop technique) in FED patients. Central corneal thickness, corneal light backscatter, corneal densitometry, and central corneal endothelial cell count and hexagonality (noncontact endothelial cell microscope), and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were assessed preoperatively and at day 1, 40, and 180 postoperatively.

Totally 31 patients (16 women) were included. At day 40 postoperatively, the mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) was 23.67% by FLACS and 17.30% by CPS (
=0.53). At day 180 postoperatively, ECL was 25.58% in FLACS and 21.32% in CPS (
=0.69). Densitometry data in all layers and all annuli from anterior layer to posterior layer in annuli 0-2, 2-6, 6-10 and 10-12, total densitometry with all layers and all annuli was performed. A significant difference was found in 6-10 (posterior layer) at day 1 with -1.42 grayscale units (GSU; 95%CI -2.66 to -0.19,
=0.02). In 10-12 (anterior layer, central layer and all layers) at day 40 were significant different with 7.7 (95%CI 1.89 to 13.50,
=0.009), 3.97 (95%CI 0.23 to 7.71,
=0.03), 4.73 GSU (95%CI 0.71 to 8.75,
=0.02), respectively. In the remaining parameters we found no difference between the two groups (
>0.05). Three CPS eyes suffered from corneal decompensation.

There is no significant difference in corneal outcome between FLACS and CPS. Endothelial cell density and pentacam corneal outcome may be inadequate as outcome parameters in FED patients.
There is no significant difference in corneal outcome between FLACS and CPS. Endothelial cell density and pentacam corneal outcome may be inadequate as outcome parameters in FED patients.
To quantify intraoperative and postoperative complications in complex phacoemulsification cataract extraction (phacoemulsification) with iris manipulation compared to non-complex and complex phacoemulsification without iris manipulation.

All phacoemulsification cases at the University of Colorado between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017 were included. Exclusion criteria for the primary outcome of intraoperative complications were planned combination surgery and eyes with less than 28d follow-up. Exclusion criteria for the secondary outcomes of postoperative complications were unplanned additional surgery, and chronic steroid eye drop use prior to surgery. Data including sex, race/ethnicity, surgery length, visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and intraocular pressures (IOP) were collected and analyzed utilizing general linear and Logistic regression modeling.

The medical records of 5772 eyes were reviewed (500 complex without iris manipulation, 367 with iris manipulation). The number of any intraoperative complication in the complex with iris manipulation and complex without iris manipulation groups was 15 (4.1%) and 26 (5.2%), respectively, compared to 41 (0.8%) in the non-complex group. Postoperative inflammation was found in 135 (2.8%) non-complex cases, 20 (4.1%) complex cases without iris manipulation, and 20 (5.6%) complex cases with iris manipulation. The adjusted odds ratio of postoperative inflammation in phacoemulsification with iris manipulation compared to non-complex was 2.3 (95%CI 1.3-4.0,
=0.005). The rate of IOP spikes >10 mm Hg was significantly greater in cases with iris manipulation (
=0.001).

Complex cases have more intraoperative complications. However, only complex cases with iris manipulation led to increase rates of postoperative inflammation and IOP spikes >10 mm Hg.
10 mm Hg.
To detect the quantitative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 (IL8), antimicrobial peptides human beta defense-2 (HBD2), and human beta defense-3 (HBD3) genes in bacterial conjunctivitis.

The human conjunctival epithelial cells were obtained using the impression cytology technique from healthy controls and patients. The genes expression levels were determined utilizing a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The contribution of causative agent type, the number of isolates and severity of clinical features, in the increase of genes expression was also determined.

The RT-qPCR showed that IL8, HBD2, and HBD3 expression increased in bacterial conjunctivitis as compared to healthy control (
<0.001). PD173074 solubility dmso In gram-negative bacterial conjunctivitis, HBD2 was highly up-regulated (
<0.001) compared to other types of bacterial conjunctivitis. In mixed bacterial conjunctivitis, a direct correlation between HBD2 up-regulation and HBD3 up-regulation was observed (
<0.05). The severity of clinical features was related to the up-regulation of IL8 and HBD2 (
<0.05).

IL8, HBD2, and HBD3 are immune-effectors in infectious conjunctivitis. HBD2 is active during different bacterial conjunctivitis but is more released with gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria. HBD3 is an obvious defender in different bacterial conjunctivitis.
IL8, HBD2, and HBD3 are immune-effectors in infectious conjunctivitis. HBD2 is active during different bacterial conjunctivitis but is more released with gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria. HBD3 is an obvious defender in different bacterial conjunctivitis.
To evaluate the protective mechanisms of piperine in the retina of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

In experiments
, stimulation by chemical hypoxia was established in ARPE-19 cells. Then, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels. In experiments
, diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneally injecting 150 mg/kg streptozotocin once. After 3wk of the onset of diabetes, 15 mg/kg piperine was intraperitoneally injected once daily for 1 or 3wk. Then, the retinal morphology and mRNA and protein expression were assessed.

In hypoxia, 1-100 µmol/L piperine significantly decreased the expression of VEGFA mRNA and increased the expression of PEDF mRNA without affecting HIF-1α mRNA. Meanwhile, 100 µmol/L piperine substantially decreased the protein level of VEGFA and increased the protein level of PEDF. The HIF-1α protein level was also hampered by piperine.
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