Notes

Spatial variability associated with surface normal water good quality within a significant Brazil semiarid water tank as well as principal tributaries.
Assessing amniotic fluid volume is an integral part of obstetric practice. selleck products Data are sparse on at-risk pregnancy and amniotic fluid volumes. The aim of our study was to determine if there is a difference in perinatal outcomes based on complications of pregnancy and amniotic fluid volumes. We hypothesized that at-risk pregnancies with abnormal amniotic fluid volumes would have worse perinatal outcomes than normal pregnancies with abnormal amniotic fluid volumes.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated both normal and at-risk singleton pregnancies with intact membranes on admission for delivery. Amniotic fluid volumes were estimated using both the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and single deepest pocket (SDP) techniques. All sonograms were performed by trained ultrasound technicians or obstetrician/gynecologists. We placed 3365 women into 6 separate groups (at-risk versus normal, then further stratified by oligohydramnios by SDP, normal fluid, or polyhydramnios by AFI).

At-risk pregnancies with normal fluid ies.
Our study attempted to further define risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes by defining the pregnancy as normal or at-risk and amniotic fluid volumes. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find an increased risk of many of the adverse perinatal outcomes we studied amongst at-risk pregnancies with abnormal fluid. There was an increased risk of NICU admission associated with polyhydramnios in normal and at-risk pregnancies.
Cervical cancer is a public health concern worldwide, and is increasing in developing countries. Despite the efforts of governments, demand for cervical cancer screening is low and not well studied. As such, this study was done to figure out the demand for cervical cancer screening in Tigray regional state.

A cross-sectional study design was conducted, and 1,010 participants were recruited using simple random sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysis was done using multilevel logistic regression.

A total of 1,000 women were included in the final analysis. The mean age of participants was 32.57±8.56 years. Those demandeing cervical cancer screening numbered 480 (48%). Intraclass correlation indicated that 18.9% of the total variance in demand was attributable to differences across the cluster districts (
0.0001). Predictors of demand for cervical cancer screening were age 31-40 years (AOR 2.33, 95% CI 0.42-3.83) and 41-45 years (AOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.64-5.55), tertiary education (AOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.43-5.51), history of sexually transmitted disease (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.05-2.79), being knowledgeable about cervical cancer, (AOR 9.21, 95% CI 5.79-14.65), and having a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening (AOR 8.32, 95% CI 5.53-12.51). Among community level variables, community awareness of cervical cancer and populationhealth institution ratio were factors associated with demand.

Demand for cervical cancer screening is low compared to the government's plan for 2020. Health professionals and leaders need to focus on communit- level demand creation for cervical cancer screening by planning health-promotion strategies.
Demand for cervical cancer screening is low compared to the government's plan for 2020. Health professionals and leaders need to focus on communit- level demand creation for cervical cancer screening by planning health-promotion strategies.
A significant number of girls in Ethiopia begin childbearing at an early age. Teenage pregnancy is the main contributor to maternal and child morbidity and mortality, and the vicious cycle of ill-health and poverty. However limited evidence exists about individual- and community-level factors affecting teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia.

This study used data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 3381 (weighted) teenagers aged 15-19 years were included in the study. A two-stage stratified cluster was used. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting teenage pregnancy.

Being 17 (AOR=9.26, 95% CI=2.67-32.04), 18 (AOR=9.53, 95% CI=2.97-30.04) and 19 years old (AOR=20.01, 95% CI=5.94-67.39), uneducated (AOR=3.83, 95% CI=1.05-14.00), primary educated (AOR=3.34, 95% CI=1.01-11.08), being married (AOR=70.12, 95% CI=27.55-178.4), and communities with a higher proportion of poor (AOR=3.86, 95% CI=1.80-8.26) were predictors of teenage pregnancy.

Age, educational status, and marital status from individual-level factors, and community wealth status from community-level factors were predictors of teenage pregnancy. The government should strive to improve female education, and fight against early marriage and sexual initiation.
Age, educational status, and marital status from individual-level factors, and community wealth status from community-level factors were predictors of teenage pregnancy. The government should strive to improve female education, and fight against early marriage and sexual initiation.
In the perspective of health care, community perception is defined as a combination of experiences, expectations and perceived needs. The community and client's perception of health services seem to have been largely ignored by health-care providers in developing countries. There is a knowledge gap about communities' perception and perspective of maternal health. If the community's perception is known, the quality of maternity care may be improved, maternal morbidity and mortality could be decreased, and the overall health of the mother can be improved. The aim of this study was to explore community's perception of maternity service provision in public health institutions.

A qualitative study with the underpinning philosophy of phenomenology was conducted in five subcities of Mekelle city, Ethiopia. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDSs) with participants who are residing in Mekelle city and who experienced maternity service as a client or as attendants were conducted to collect theinstitutions. Despite these complaints, participants acknowledged public health facilities for affordable, accessible, qualified personnel and usually stocked with quality medications and equipment.

This study revealed that the community has a negative perception of the maternal health services in the public health institutions. The main reasons for their negative perception were poor staff attitude, unavailability of prescribed drugs in the institutional pharmacies, long waiting time, family proximity by professionals, poor attention to women during labor, lack of privacy and mistreatment.
This study revealed that the community has a negative perception of the maternal health services in the public health institutions. The main reasons for their negative perception were poor staff attitude, unavailability of prescribed drugs in the institutional pharmacies, long waiting time, family proximity by professionals, poor attention to women during labor, lack of privacy and mistreatment.
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