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Crossing points of non-public versus. group trauma throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: your hijacking from the human being thoughts.
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing globally, with an imperative need to identify and expand the availability of pharmaceutical treatment strategies. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure or has limited treatments. Rodent models are primarily used in Alzheimer's disease research to investigate causes, pathology, molecular mechanisms, and pharmaceutical therapies. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of Alzheimer's disease causes, pathogenesis, and optimal treatments due in part to some limitations of using rodents, including higher economic cost, which can influence sample size and ultimately statistical power. It is necessary to expand our animal model toolbox to provide alternative strategies in Alzheimer's disease research. The zebrafish application in neurodegenerative disease research and neuropharmacology is greatly expanding due to several vital strengths spanning lower economic costs, the smaller size of the organism, a sequenced characterized genome, and well described anatomical structures. These characteristics are coupled to the conserved molecular function and disease pathways in humans. The existence of orthologs for genes associated with Alzheimer's disease in zebrafish is also confirmed. While wild-type zebrafish appear to lack some of the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease, the advent of genetic editing technologies has expanded evaluation of the amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle hypotheses using the zebrafish and exploration of pharmaceutical molecular targets. An overview of how genetic editing technologies are being used with the zebrafish to create models to investigate the causes, pathology, molecular mechanisms, and pharmaceutical targets of Alzheimer's disease is detailed.Preterm infants are at high risk of brain injury. With more understanding of the preterm brain injury's pathogenesis, neuroscientists are looking for more effective methods to prevent and treat it, among which erythropoietin (Epo) is considered as a prime candidate. This review tries to clarify the possible mechanisms of Epo in preterm neuroprotection and summarize updated evidence considering Epo as a pharmacological neuroprotective strategy in animal models and clinical trials. To date, various animal models have validated that Epo is an anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-excitotoxic, neurogenetic, erythropoietic, angiogenetic, and neurotrophic agent, thus preventing preterm brain injury. However, although the scientific rationale and preclinical data for Epo's neuroprotective effect are promising, when translated to bedside, the results vary in different studies, especially in its long-term efficacy. Based on existing evidence, it is still too early to recommend Epo as the standard treatment for preterm brain injury.Tea, a worldwide popular beverage rich in polyphenols, contributes in the prevention of many diseases and thus is beneficial to human health. Tea is a product through processing the fresh leaves picked from the plant Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis, genus Camellia section Thea). Till date, systematic studies have been conducted on the phytochemicals from more than 20 tea varieties and related tea products, resulting in the structural determination of over 400 constituents viz. different types of polyphenols, purines and their derivatives, mono to tetra-terpenoids, and minor other phytomolecules. These various tea phytochemicals contribute to the anti-oxidantive effects, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, blood lipid reduction, neuroprotection, anti-Alzheimer's disease, hepatoprotection, and anti-microbial activities, etc. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the significant human pathogen, could cause nosocomial and community-acquired infections, which is also responsible for various infectious diseases from mild to severe life-threatening conditions, such as bacteremia (blood stream infection), endocarditis (heart valves infection), pneumonia, and meningitis (brain infection), leading to 2% clinical disease in of all patient admissions. The multidrug resistance (MDR) and antibiotics losing efficacy, esp. in methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) urge for novel antimicrobial agents. The MRSA strains are resistant to the entire class of β-lactam antibiotics and limit effective treatment, leading to still spread of staphylococcal infections. MRSA also exhibits resistance to cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides (teicoplanine and vancomycin), leading to resistant strains-glycopeptide resistant strain (GRSA) and glycopeptide intermediate (GISA) S. aureus. In this review, chemical constituents responsible for anti-MRSA activity of tea are explored.Plant-endophyte associations represent an inexhaustible source of novel metabolites, exhibiting significance in environment, agriculture and pharmaceutical perspectives. selleckchem The global outbreak of life threatening diseases necessitate a need for a more targeted approach through efficient drug-discovery programs. In recent times, endophytes as "bio-factories" have been extensively explored for the production of novel, bioactive metabolites demonstrating therapeutic properties. Resources in computational biology co-integrated with combinational chemistry have made significant contributions in this field, aiding in the discovery and screening of potential "drug-like" molecules from endophytes. The review provides a meta-analysis of bioactive metabolite production from endophytes, extensively discussing the bio-prospection of natural products for pharmaceutical applications. In light of the emerging importance of endophytes as anti-infective agents, an exploration of the pharmaceutical design of novel chemical entities and analogues has enabled efficient and cost-effective drug discovery programs. However, bottlenecks in endophyte biology and research require a better understanding of endophyte dynamics and mechanism of bioactive metabolite production towards a sustainable drug discovery program.Nutraceuticals are food or component of food that do not only promote health but also help in recovery and combating health disorders. Algae are microorganisms that are used as supplements used in treating health disorders. They are rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidant pigments, and other micronutrients. These algae are gaining importance as functional components in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and applications in fabrics incorporated antimicrobial agents and pharmaceuticals. The present review focus on the distinctive algal components that are beneficial in biomedical applications. It also focuses on the research techniques to enrich the macronutrients and micronutrients by altering growth conditions and susceptible nutritional factors. A diagram model for a systematic review is utilized for this search. The research is conducted in the following databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Results Here, in this review, current reviewers put forward the importance of microalgae and other algae as alternative marine nutrient sources of dietary supplements for human consumption.
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