Notes

Influence involving organic and natural substances on wetting characteristics regarding mica/H2/brine systems: Effects pertaining to hydrogen structurel capturing sizes.
ends could not be shown to be an independent outcome predictor a thorough analysis of clinical events subsequent to this intervention is warranted to understand long-term consequences of ECPR initiation after cardiac arrest.
Despite the proven effectiveness of rapid initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by bystanders, fewer than half of the victims actually receive bystander CPR. We aimed to review the evidence of the barriers and facilitators for bystanders to perform CPR.

This scoping review was conducted as part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. This review included studies assessing barriers or facilitators for the lay rescuers to perform CPR in actual emergency settings and excluded studies that overlapped with other ILCOR systematic reviews/scoping reviews (e.g. dispatcher instructed CPR etc). The key findings were classified into three kinds of factors personal factors; CPR knowledge; and procedural issues.

We identified 18 eligible studies. Of these studies addressing the reduced willingness to respond to cardiac arrest, 14 related to "personal factors", 3 to "CPR knowledge", and 2 to "procedural issues". On the other hand, we identified 5 articles assessing factors increasing bystanders' willingness to perform CPR. However, we observed significant heterogeneity among study populations, methodologies, factors definitions, outcome measures utilized and outcomes reported.

We found that a number of factors were present in actual settings which either inhibit or facilitate lay rescuers' performance of CPR. Interventional strategies to improve CPR performance of lay rescuers in the actual settings should be established, taking these factors into consideration.
We found that a number of factors were present in actual settings which either inhibit or facilitate lay rescuers' performance of CPR. Interventional strategies to improve CPR performance of lay rescuers in the actual settings should be established, taking these factors into consideration.
The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a commonly used severity-of-illness score in cardiac arrest research. Due to its nature, the SOFA score often has missing data. How much data is missing and how that missing data is handled is unknown.

We conducted a scoping review on cardiac arrest studies using SOFA, focusing on missing data.

PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.

All English-language peer-reviewed studies of cardiac arrest with SOFA as an outcome or exposure were included.

For each study, quantity of missing SOFA data, analytic strategy to handle missing SOFA variables, whether/to what degree mortality influenced the amount of missing SOFA scores), SOFA score modifications, and number of SOFA measurements was extracted.

We included 66 studies published between 2006-2019. Five studies were randomized controlled trials, 26 were prospective cohort studies, and 25 were retrospective cohort studies. SOFA was used as an outcome in 36 (55%) and a primary outcome in 10 (15%). Nine studies (14%) mentioned the quantity of missing SOFA data, which ranged from 0 to 76% (median 10% [IQR 6%, 42%]). Twenty-seven (41%) studies reported a method to handle missing SOFA. The most common method used excluded subjects with missing data (81%). In the 50 studies using serial SOFA scores, 11 (22%) documented mortality prior to SOFA measurement; which ranged from 3% to 76% (median 12% [IQR 6%-35%]).

Missing data is common in cardiac arrest research using SOFA scores. Variability exists in reporting and handling missing SOFA variables.
Missing data is common in cardiac arrest research using SOFA scores. Variability exists in reporting and handling missing SOFA variables.
Most survivors of an in-hospital cardiac arrest do not leave the hospital alive, and there is a need for a more patient-centered, holistic approach to the assessment of prognosis after an arrest. We sought to identify pre-, peri-, and post-arrest variables associated with in-hospital mortality amongst survivors of an in-hospital cardiac arrest.

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18 years of age who were resuscitated from an in-hospital arrest at our University Medical Center from January 1, 2013 to September 31, 2016. In-hospital mortality was chosen as a primary outcome and unfavorable discharge disposition (discharge disposition other than home or skilled nursing facility) as a secondary outcome.

925 patients comprised the in-hospital arrest cohort with 305 patients failing to survive the arrest and a further 349 patients surviving the initial arrest but dying prior to hospital discharge, resulting in an overall survival of 29%. 620 patients with a ROSC of greater than 20min following the in-hospital arrest were included in the final analysis. In a stepwise multivariable regression analysis, recurrent cardiac arrest, increasing age, time to ROSC, higher serum creatinine levels, and a history of cancer were predictors of in-hospital mortality. A history of hypertension was found to exert a protective effect on outcomes. In the regression model including serum lactate, increasing lactate levels were associated with lower odds of survival.

Amongst survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest, recurrent cardiac arrest was the strongest predictor of poor outcomes with age, time to ROSC, pre-existing malignancy, and serum creatinine levels linked with increased odds of in-hospital mortality.
Amongst survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest, recurrent cardiac arrest was the strongest predictor of poor outcomes with age, time to ROSC, pre-existing malignancy, and serum creatinine levels linked with increased odds of in-hospital mortality.
Several studies reported a lower proportion of laypeople cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in female victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to verify how sixteen-years of state-wide initiatives impacted on gender-differences in OHCA treatment and survival.

All the 2481 consecutive OHCAs of presumed cardiac origin occurred between 2002 and 2018 in the Swiss Ticino Canton and in which a resuscitation was attempted, were included. Emergency medical system (EMS)-witnessed OHCAs were excluded.

Time from call to CPR decreased from 9-min in 2002-2006 to 5-min in 2015-2018 (p<0.01) and until 2014, it was longer in women. Etomoxir Survival to discharge increased overall from 11% in 2002-2006 to 23% in 2015-2018 (p<0.001) related to telephone-assisted CPR development (period 2011-2014) and first responder and layperson recruitment via a mobile application (period 2015-2018). In males, survival increased from 12% to 25% (p=0.001) with a statistically significant increase in odds of survival in 2007-2010 (OR 1.
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