Notes

Alteration of dysphagia and laryngeal function after revolutionary radiotherapy in laryngo pharyngeal malignancies * a potential observational study.
Class II B (46 pt.), mucosal thickness greater than 5 mm but localized at sinus floor pathological mucosa with odontogenic etiology, requiring dental treatment. Class III A (39 pt.), mucosa thicker than 5 mm and concentric, most likely due to sinus ventilation disfunction it requires maxillary antrostomy. Class III B (30 pt.), sinonasal manifestations such as nasal polyposis, retention cysts, mucocele, dental foreign body pathological mucosa to be treated with ESS. Class IV (12 pt.), oroantral fistula nasal endoscopic or oral approach.

Our classification intends to suggest the better therapeutic option, in case of sinus pathology, according to the entity and pathogenesis of the mucosal thickening, in order to reduce complication and failure rate of dental surgery.
Our classification intends to suggest the better therapeutic option, in case of sinus pathology, according to the entity and pathogenesis of the mucosal thickening, in order to reduce complication and failure rate of dental surgery.
To compare and evaluate the modified tragus edge approach (MTEA) with retromandibular approach for surgical access to mid-level or low-level mandibular condylar fractures.

This study comprised of 22 patients with mid-level or low-level condylar fracture. Patients with clinical and radiological evidence of mid-level or low-level condylar fracture are included only in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups group A includes 11 patients, in which modified tragus edge approach was used, and group B includes 11 patients treated with retromandibular approach. Patients were evaluated clinically after first week, second week, fourth week, third month, and sixth month radiographically.

The mean age of the study subjects in group A was 32.45 ± 8.98years, while in group B, the mean age was 26.91 ± 5.79years. Post-operatively, no significant difference was seen in relation to pain, occlusal relationship, mouth opening, and deviation of jaw during opening and closing movements. In terms of post-operative complication, only significant difference found between two groups is post-operative scar visibility, which is higher in retromandibular incision group as compared to MTEA.

Thus, we can conclude that MTEA provides ease of operation as a good exposure of mandibular mid- or low-level condylar fracture as retromandibular approach but with less visibility of post-operative scar as compared to retromandibular approach.
Thus, we can conclude that MTEA provides ease of operation as a good exposure of mandibular mid- or low-level condylar fracture as retromandibular approach but with less visibility of post-operative scar as compared to retromandibular approach.
Skeletal muscle is relatively uncommon site for metastasis in head and neck primary. This study was conducted to report our experience of three such cases and analyze the previously reported cases to assess the overall outcomes and formulate a treatment plan for these patients.

We pooled the data extracted on extensive literature review and analyzed.

A total of 17 patients were analyzed for this study. All the patients had locally advanced primary and 14/17 developed metachronous metastasis. Median duration to development of metastasis was 8.5months, and 13/17 patients had skeletal muscle as the only site of metastasis. Only 6/13 were treated with aggressive intent, 4 of which who underwent surgical resection had the best survival outcomes.

Isolated skeletal muscle metastasis in a head and neck primary is relatively rare, and in future, the research work needs to be taken up afresh, on prospective model, with adequate patient sample, to draw a scientifically valid conclusion.
Isolated skeletal muscle metastasis in a head and neck primary is relatively rare, and in future, the research work needs to be taken up afresh, on prospective model, with adequate patient sample, to draw a scientifically valid conclusion.Internal joint derangement is a disruption of the internal aspects of the TMJ-disc displacements/adhesions/impingements, causing alterations in the normal dynamic motions of the joint. Clinicians must be diligent in establishing the correct diagnosis and cause of TMJID, which ultimately leads to the appropriate management of such patients. While many patients adapt over time or with non-surgical treatment, surgery may be indicated for those with ongoing problems. The surgical pyramid provides a stepwise progression for TMJ surgical patients. This paper aims to review TMJID and its management with special emphasis on arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery, as practised in other countries around the world, and compare this to current education, understanding and practice in India. Currently, India is lagging behind in providing the full scope of TMJ services as there are very few surgeons trained in the skill of arthroscopic techniques. There needs to be continued expansion of our understanding of TMJID treatment in India to bring it level with the rest of the world.Midline clefts of mandible and lower lip are rare congenital facial deformities. Non-union of bone in the symphysis of the mandible, median cleft of the lower lip and tongue adherence in the midline to the floor of the mouth are the principle features of the anomaly. Early surgical correction of both hard and soft tissue defects resulted in excellent function such as mastication and speech. 12-yr follow-up shows total bony fusion of the symphysis and normal growth of mandible as per the chronologic age of patient.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious disease and is said to have a multifactorial origin with varied clinical manifestation of repeated oral ulcers, intolerance to spicy food, mucosal blanching resulting in stiffness of the oral mucosa and formation of taut bands leading to reduced mouth opening. We designed this study to systematically review the literature on QOL in OSMF and hope to make recommendations for future course of QOL assessment in OSMF.

An electronic bibliographic search of studies was done from year 1900-2019 using specified keywords. The following databases were searched PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar and manual search were done from references of relevant articles. Of the screened 156 articles, finally 10 studies were included after screening for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of studies was completed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) criteria for quantitative studies.

Most instruments used in the studies were not disease specifiequately powered studies on assessing QOL in OSMF using only a reliable disease specific questionnaire is the need of the hour.

PROSPERO Registration CRD42018102874.
PROSPERO Registration CRD42018102874.Orthognathic surgery is generally a safe and predictable procedure. Major postoperative complications are rare and often non-life threatening. An example of a rare complication associated with the LeFort I osteotomy is avascular necrosis of the maxilla (ANM). While cases of ANM have been described in the literature, the majority involves only a portion or segment of the maxillary complex and is commonly treated with conservative measures such as strict oral hygiene, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and local debridement. Occasionally, larger segments of osteonecrosis may require extensive reconstruction such as bone grafting with local soft tissue flaps. Here, we present a patient that underwent a single-stage microvascular free tissue reconstruction with concomitant placement of dental implants and a patient-specific implant (PSI) for post-orthognathic ANM.
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are progressive disorders which lead to development of arthralgia and functional disabilities of temporomandibular joint. The treatment of the TMDs is controversial; noninvasive and minimally invasive therapies have shown a success rate of 70 to 85% for its management. The objective of present study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and arthrocentesis in management of TMDs.

Twenty-four patients with complaint of reduced mouth opening, joint noise, pain, jaw deviation, not responding to medicinal treatment and coming under group II/III of RDC/TMD were included. Patients were randomly and equally divided in two groups. In group A, arthrocentesis was performed, whereas group B patients underwent intra-articular injections of PRP. Patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively to 12months postoperatively.

Both the groups showed significant improvement in painless mouth opening (
 < 0.01), lateral movements towards unaffected side (
 < 0.05) and reduction in pain complaint (
 < 0.01). Arthrocentesis group also showed significant improvement in maximum mouth opening (
 < 0.01).

On comparison, both groups were found to have effective treatment modality. However, arthrocentesis has higher success rate for pain elimination, and PRP is more effective in correction of joint noise and jaw deviation.
On comparison, both groups were found to have effective treatment modality. However, arthrocentesis has higher success rate for pain elimination, and PRP is more effective in correction of joint noise and jaw deviation.
Posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) is a major part of the circulation of the sinus floor. This study aimed to analyze the anatomy of PSAA in an Iranian population for the first time.

This study was performed on coronal CBCT slices of 400 hemimaxillae (1598 slices through premolar and molar areas), to evaluate the PSAA's prevalence, diameter, and its vertical distances from the sinus floor and the alveolar ridge. Potential associations between anatomical properties with age, gender, and maxilla sides were assessed statistically (
 = 0.05, 0.0125).

The PSAA was detected in 73.2% of all slices (58.5%, 79.6%, 71.5%, and 83.0%, in P1-M2 areas, respectively). The mean PSAA diameter was 0.83 ± 0.33mm (95% CI 0.81-0.85; 0.96, 0.85, 0.80, and 0.74mm, in P1-M2 areas, respectively). Canals > 2mm in diameter were seen only in M1 (0.4%) and M2 (0.9%) areas.

PSAA diameters were smaller in this population than all others, with very few large canals available. Although the average diameter increased in the anterior regions, large canals were not present in these regions. Males tended to have larger PSAAs. Age might not change canal parameters. Gender might affect canal diameter. Right/left sides are similar.
PSAA diameters were smaller in this population than all others, with very few large canals available. Although the average diameter increased in the anterior regions, large canals were not present in these regions. Males tended to have larger PSAAs. Age might not change canal parameters. Gender might affect canal diameter. Right/left sides are similar.
Trapdoor fractures commonly occur in children below 6years of age. The high resiliency of bone, pneumatisation of sinuses and other factors lead to entrapment of muscle and/or soft tissue which undergoes ischaemic changes leading to residual diplopia. Thioflavine S in vivo The timing of intervention in children ranges from 24h to greater than 2weeks. Early surgical intervention is particularly indicated in cases of Oculocardiac reflex.

A Prisma guided systematic review of literature was conducted with no filters on language till September 2020. Studies on paediatric orbital fractures with data on timing of intervention and clinical outcomes were considered eligible for the review. The Oxford Level Of Evidence was used to assess the strength of individual studies.

A total of 19 studies (18 English, 1 French) were selected; except for one study all were retrospective series. The timing of intervention ranged from 24h to more than 1month. Most of the studies agreed that orbital fractures in children should receive early intervention preferably within 2weeks.
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