Notes

A machine studying method of brain epigenetic evaluation discloses kinases associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Penile prosthesis implantation remains an effective solution for men with medical-refractory erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical pelvic surgery. Despite the distortion of pelvic anatomy, a penile implant can be performed with excellent clinical outcomes provided strict patient selection, proper preoperative workup and safe surgical principles are adhered to.

To provide practical recommendations on inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation in patients with medical-refractory ED, with an emphasis on patient selection and counselling, preoperative workup as well as surgical considerations to minimize intraoperative complications.

A Medline search on relevant English-only articles on penile prostheses and pelvic surgery was undertaken and the following terms were included in the search for articles of interest "bladder cancer", "prostate cancer", "rectal cancer", "pelvic surgery" and "inflatable penile implant".

Clinical key recommendations on patient selection, preoperative workup and surgi overview of the practical considerations for men who are undergoing IPP surgery following radical pelvic surgery. click here Limitations include the lack of highquality data and detailed surgical description on each surgical troubleshooting steps for various prosthetic-related complications.

The IPP implantation can be performed efficiently and safely in patients following radical pelvic surgery. Chung E, Mulhall J. Practical Considerations in Inflatable Penile Implant Surgery. J Sex Med 2021;181320-1327.
The IPP implantation can be performed efficiently and safely in patients following radical pelvic surgery. Chung E, Mulhall J. Practical Considerations in Inflatable Penile Implant Surgery. J Sex Med 2021;181320-1327.
Sexual dysfunction may be a side effect of treatment with antipsychotics, antidepressants, and other psychotropic drugs.

To review the evidence concerning male sexual dysfunctions in patients taking psychotropic drugs to provide specific information to nonpsychiatric physicians for the management of these dysfunctions.

A systematic search of Medline and Embase databases was performed up to October 15
, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of psychotropic drugs versus placebo or versus another drug of the same class, for at least 5 weeks.

We considered studies whose male population could be evaluated separately from the female population and with a separate analysis of the different phases of the male sex cycle.

We included 41 studies in the final review.There was a significant association between sexual dysfunction and antidepressant drug therapy, compared to placebo (decreased libido OR 1.89, 95% CI1.40 to 2.56, 22 series, 11 trials, 7706 participants; erectile dysfics and some atypical, such as risperidone, seems to play a primary role in determining male sexual dysfunction. Most antidepressants cause decreased libido, ejaculatory and erectile dysfunction, however the administration of SNRIs appears to be possibly associated with a specific risk of erectile dysfunction. Trinchieri M, Trinchieri M, Perletti G, et al. Erectile and Ejaculatory Dysfunction Associated with Use of Psychotropic Drugs A Systematic Review. J Sex Med 2021;181354-1363.
Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) can be caused by the change in vaginal structure due to the decline of estrogen and one of the main symptoms is vaginal dryness. FSAD is a prevalent problem afflicting women all over the world and thus the interest is growing on the matter, but related studies of monitoring FSAD using a non-invasive optical method barely have been carried out.

This study aims to investigate the longitudinal changes in female sexual arousal response induced by apomorphine (APO) administration in the ovariectomized rat using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probe.

To elicit sexual arousal, APO was administered subcutaneously to animals (n=6) before and after ovariectomy, and the changes in oxyhemoglobin (OHb), deoxyhemoglobin (RHb), total hemoglobin (THb) concentration, and temperature on the vaginal wall after APO administration were monitored bi-weekly for 8 weeks. Furthermore, estradiol hormone, vaginal secretion, and body weight have been measured for comparison with the results d that the NIRS has the potential as a monitoring tool to evaluate female sexual arousal response. Jeong H, Lee HS, Seong M, et al. Changes of Apomorphine-Induced Vaginal Hemodynamics in an Ovariectomized Rat Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Probe. J Sex Med 2021;181328-1336.
Long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy (GHT) in older transgender individuals could have beneficial effects on cognitive functioning. Cardiovascular risk factors and psychological factors are known determinants of cognition. Despite the rising number of older transgender individuals, only few studies have examined cognitive functioning in this population.

We aimed to assess differences in cognitive functioning between transgender women, and non-transgender (cisgender) women and men, and investigated the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors and psychological factors on these differences.

In this study, 37 transgender women (age range 55 to 69) receiving GHT for at least ten years (range 10.2 to 41.6) were examined, and their cognitive functioning was compared to an age and education level matched cohort consisting of 222 cisgender women and men from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Linear regression analyses were performed.

Cognitive functioning was assessed by neuropsychological test women and men were small, albeit significant. This may suggest that long-term GHT effects on cognitive functioning in older transgender women are minimal. van Heesewijk JO, Dreijerink KMA, Wiepjes CM, et al. Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Cognitive Functioning in Older Transgender Women Compared With Cisgender Women and Men. J Sex Med 2021;181434-1443.
key decisions have to be made in healthcare systems and policies often under uncertain conditions or without complete objective evidence. Decisions made on the health system and policy levels affect national and global population, which requires transparency and accountability to ensure the best impact to population's health. Consensus development methods assist complex process of the decision making combining existing evidence and expert opinions. Variety of challenges affect the selection, application and use of the consensus development methods, which requires careful consideration to keep rigour, validity and transparency.

To identify and review studies which have used consensus development methods in order to develop national or international policy or framework in health field.

A literature review was conducted searching the databases PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Studies using a consensus development approach to develop tools or frameworks for health system and policy enhancement were eligible for the review.
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