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In addition, the melting temperature and injection pressure exhibit positive effects on the interfacial properties of hybrid composites. To further investigate the interfacial bonding strength and fracture mechanism of the heterogeneous interface, the uniaxial tensile and sliding simulations were performed. Results show that the non-bonded interaction energy plays a crucial role during the fracture process of heterogeneous interface. Meanwhile, the failure mode of the heterogeneous interface was demonstrated to evolve with the processing parameters.Oral disease greatly affects quality of life, as the mouth is required for a wide range of activities including speech, food and liquid consumption. Treatment of oral disease is greatly limited by the dose forms that are currently available, which suffer from short contact times, poor site specificity, and sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. Mucoadhesive devices prepared using electrospinning offer the potential to address these challenges by allowing unidirectional site-specific drug delivery through intimate contact with the mucosa and with high surface areas to facilitate drug release. This review will discuss the range of electrospun mucoadhesive devices that have recently been reported to address oral inflammatory diseases, pain relief, and infections, as well as new treatments that are likely to be enabled by this technology in the future.Systematic kinetic modeling is required to predict frozen systems behavior in cold dynamic conditions. A one-step procedure, where all data are used simultaneously in a non-linear algorithm, is implemented to estimate the kinetic parameters of both primary and secondary models. Compared to the traditional two-step methodology, more precise estimates are obtained, and the calculated parameter uncertainty can be introduced in realistic shelf life predictions, as a tool for cold chain optimization. Additionally, significant variability of the real distribution/storage conditions is recorded, and must be also incorporated in a kinetic prediction scheme. The applicability of the approach is theoretically demonstrated in an analysis of data on frozen green peas Vitamin C content, for the calculation of joint confidence intervals of kinetic parameters. A stochastic algorithm is implemented, through a double Monte Carlo scheme incorporating the temperature variability during distribution, drawn from cold chain databases. Assuming a distribution scenario of 130 days in the cold chain, 93 ± 110 days remaining shelf life was predicted compared to 180 days assumed based on the use by date. Overall, through the theoretical case study investigated, the uncertainty of models' parameters and cold chain dynamics were incorporated into shelf life assessment, leading to more realistic predictions.Volatile compounds are considered to be essential for the flavor and aroma quality of grapes. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a commonly used growth regulator in grape cultivation that stimulates larger berries and prevents fruit drop. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of TDZ on the production of aroma volatiles and to identify the key genes involved in the terpene biosynthesis pathways that are affected by this compound. Treatment with TDZ had a negative effect on the concentration of volatile compounds, especially on monoterpenes, which likely impacts the sensory characteristics of the fruit. The expression analysis of genes related to the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways confirmed that treatment with TDZ negatively regulated the key genes DXS1, DXS3, DXR, HDR, VvPNGer and VvPNlinNer1. Specifically, the expression levels of the aforementioned genes were down-regulated in almost all berry development stages in the TDZ-treated samples. The novel results from the present study can be used to aid in the development of food products which maintain the flavor quality and sensory characteristics of grape. Selumetinib Furthermore, these findings can provide the theoretical basis that can help to optimize the utilization of TDZ for the field production of grapes at a commercial scale.In a world where an eco-friendlier approach is becoming more and more necessary, it is essential to reduce waste production and to reuse residues of the company's supply chain. Coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee ground (SCG), two by-products of coffee production, are important sources of bioactive compounds and, for this, some authors have proposed their reuse in the nutraceutical, food, and cosmetic sector. However, their potential enzyme inhibitory properties have been poorly investigated. Hence, the objective of the current work was to study the enzymatic inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase of different extracts of CS and SCG. Before these in vitro bioassays, the phytochemical composition of each extract was investigated via colorimetric assays and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated by different chemical approaches. SCG extracts contained a higher content of bioactive compounds, notably the SCG EtOHH2O extract was the richest in caffeine and possessed the highest antioxidant activities. The hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts were shown to be the most active against all tested enzymes, while the water extracts displayed lower activity. Our results showed a weak correlation between bioactive compounds and enzyme inhibitory effects, proving inhibitory activities likely due to non-phenolic molecules such as alkaloids and terpenoids. Obtained findings could be a starting point to develop novel nutraceuticals from CS and SCG.This communication reports preliminary data towards the development of a live ex vivo model of persistent infection that is based on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), which can be used for pre-screening biomaterials with antimicrobial properties for their antimicrobial and angiogenic potential. Our results showed that it was possible to infect chicken embryos with Staphylococcus aureus, one of the main types of bacteria found in the persistent infection associated with chronic wounds, and maintain the embryos' survival for up to 48 h. Survival of the embryos varied with the dose of bacteria inoculum and with the use and time of streptomycin application after infection. In infected yet viable embryos, the blood vessels network of the CAM was maintained with minimal disruption. Microbiological tests could confirm embryo infection, but quantification was difficult. By publishing these preliminary results, we hope that not only our group but others within the scientific community further this research towards the establishment of biomimetic and reproducible ex vivo models of persistent infection.
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