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Preparing involving Poly(thiol-urethane) Covalent Adjustable Sites Depending on Multiple-Types Energetic Designs.
This study aims to examine the effects among college students of mindfulness on smartphone addiction before going to bed at night. We examined the mediating roles of self-control and rumination on the mindfulness-smartphone addiction path. Participants (n = 270, 59.3% females, 18-24 years old) completed self-reporting questionnaires measuring mindfulness, self-control, smartphone addiction, and rumination. In addition to the correlation analysis, we adopted a stepwise regression analysis with bootstrapping to test the mediating effects. It was found that mindfulness was inversely related to smartphone addiction before going to sleep. Most importantly, self-control and rumination significantly mediated the effects of mindfulness on smartphone addiction among college students. The findings of this study indicated that mindfulness training is beneficial to improve the ability of self-control and reduce rumination levels, thereby inhibiting the negative impact of smartphone addiction on college students before they go to sleep, and further promoting their sleep health and mental health.High levels of perceived stress and anxiety among university students are a global concern and are known to negatively influence sleep. However, few studies have explored how stress response styles, like psychological resilience and rumination, might alter these relationships. Using validated tools, perceived stress, anxiety, stress response styles, and sleep behaviors of undergraduate and graduate students from seven countries during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized in order to examine the relationships between these factors using mediation and moderation analyses. Students enrolled in universities in China, Ireland, Malaysia, Taiwan, South Korea, the Netherlands, and the United States were recruited in May 2020. A total of 2254 students completed this cross-sectional study. Perceived stress and anxiety were negatively associated with sleep quality through the mediation of rumination. Increased psychological resilience weakened the relationships between perceived stress and anxiety on sleep quality. The majority of students reported that COVID-19 negatively influenced their mental health and sleep quality but not sleep duration. Based on these results, university students would likely benefit from sleep education and mental health promotion programs that include trainings to increase psychological resilience and reduce rumination, particularly during times of increased stress.Sleep deprivation is a potent stress factor that disrupts regulatory pathways in the brain resulting in cognitive dysfunction and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease with increasing age. Prevention of the adverse effects of sleep deprivation could be beneficial in older individuals by restoring healthy brain function. We report here on the ability of SS31, a mitochondrial specific peptide, to attenuate the negative neurological effects of short-term sleep deprivation in aging mice. C57BL/6 female mice, 20 months old, were subcutaneously injected with SS31 (3 mg/kg) or saline daily for four days. Sleep deprivation was 4 h daily for the last two days of SS31 treatment. Mice were immediately tested for learning ability followed by collection of brain and other tissues. In sleep deprived mice treated with SS31, learning impairment was prevented, brain mitochondrial ATP levels and synaptic plasticity regulatory proteins were restored, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines levels were decreased in the hippocampus. This observation suggests possible therapeutic benefits of SS31 for alleviating adverse neurological effects of short-term sleep loss.Artificial light, despite its widespread and valuable use, has been associated with deterioration of health and well-being, including altered circadian timing and sleep disturbances, particularly in nocturnal exposure. 2-Bromohexadecanoic chemical structure Recent findings from our lab reveal significant sleep and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) changes owing to three months exposure to dim-light-at-night (DLAN). Aiming to further explore the detrimental effects of DLAN exposure, in the present study, we continuously recorded sleep EEG and the electromyogram for baseline 24-h and following 6-h sleep deprivation in a varied DLAN duration scheme. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a 1212 h lightDLAN cycle (75lux5lux) vs. a 1212 h lightdark cycle (75lux0lux) for one day, one week, and one month. Our results show that sleep was already affected by a mere day of DLAN exposure with additional complications emerging with increasing DLAN exposure duration, such as the gradual delay of the daily 24-h vigilance state rhythms. We conducted detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) on the locomotor activity data following 1-month and 3-month DLAN exposure, and a significantly less healthy rest-activity pattern, based on the decreased alpha values, was found in both conditions compared to the control light-dark. Taking into account the behavioral, sleep and the sleep EEG parameters, our data suggest that DLAN exposure, even in the shortest duration, induces deleterious effects; nevertheless, potential compensatory mechanisms render the organism partly adjustable and able to cope. We think that, for this reason, our data do not always depict linear divergence among groups, as compared with control conditions. Chronic DLAN exposure impacts the sleep regulatory system, but also brain integrity, diminishing its adaptability and reactivity, especially apparent in the sleep EEG alterations and particular low alpha values following DFA.Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24-h oscillators that regulate the sleep/wake cycles and the timing of biological systems to optimize physiology and behavior for the environmental day/night cycles. The systems are basically generated by transcription-translation feedback loops combined with post-transcriptional and post-translational modification. Recently, evidence is emerging that additional non-coding RNA-based mechanisms are also required to maintain proper clock function. MicroRNA is an especially important factor that plays critical roles in regulating circadian rhythm as well as many other physiological functions. Circadian misalignment not only disturbs the sleep/wake cycle and rhythmic physiological activity but also contributes to the development of various diseases, such as sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The patient with neurodegenerative diseases often experiences profound disruptions in their circadian rhythms and/or sleep/wake cycles. In addition, a growing body of recent evidence implicates sleep disorders as an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, and also suggests that abnormalities in the circadian system lead to the onset and expression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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