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The federal government Selection Labeling Legislations and Twitting Conversations about Energy in america: The Interrupted Time-Series Evaluation.
Female residents were more likely to report delaying having children during residency (56.73% vs 38.71%, P=.001) and were more likely to cite reputational concerns (57.63% vs 0.76%, P less then .001) and effects on career opportunities (42.37% vs 7.57%, P less then .001) as reasons for delaying parenthood. BIX 02189 The most commonly cited negative effect of parenthood on residency training by PDs was reduction in off-duty educational time (15 of 29, 51.72%). Twenty-four (80%) of 30 PDs believe that training may need to be extended based on amount of maternity/paternity leave time taken off. Although parenthood during orthopedic training is common, both male and female residents reported delaying parenthood because of residency-related factors. Improved clarification of leave policies and establishment of clear guidelines for parenthood in residency may improve resident wellness. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(2)98-104.].Poorly controlled Paget's disease leads to excessive blood loss following total hip arthroplasty. The effect in shoulder arthroplasty is unknown. The authors reviewed 3 patients with Paget's disease involving the proximal humerus, comparing them with 17 patients with Paget's disease but no humeral involvement. The 3 patients had an estimated blood loss of 1400 mL, 1100 mL, and 350 mL, compared with an average of 280 mL in the control group. The first 2 cases required 4 units of packed red blood cells intraoperatively, and both were not managed with bisphosphonates. Paget's disease of the humerus leads to more intraoperative blood loss and higher blood transfusion requirements, particularly in cases not managed with bisphosphonates. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(x)xx-xx.].
The effects of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission are key for the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous research consistently indicates that GABAB receptor agonists such as baclofen can attenuate addiction-related behaviors in preclinical models of AUD. More importantly, baclofen has also shown promise in clinical studies, particularly in severely alcohol-dependent patients. However, despite this promise, other clinical studies have not confirmed its efficacy and chiefly, larger clinical trials have not been conducted. Therefore, with the exception of France, baclofen is not approved for the treatment of AUD in any other country. Furthermore, it is also important to keep in mind that some patients treated with baclofen may experience important side-effects, including sedation, drowsiness and sleepiness.

This short review will first discuss the history of baclofen for AUD treatment. We will then summarize preclinical behavioral results that have investigateapeutic index than orthosteric agonists, at least in terms of mitigating the sedative effects of GABAB agonism. This predicts that GABAB PAMs have a high translational potential in humans and merit being tested clinically, in particular in patients with severe AUD.
Preclinical studies indicate that GABAB PAMs have a higher therapeutic index than orthosteric agonists, at least in terms of mitigating the sedative effects of GABAB agonism. This predicts that GABAB PAMs have a high translational potential in humans and merit being tested clinically, in particular in patients with severe AUD.All coronaviruses known to have recently emerged as human pathogens probably originated in bats1. Here we use a single experimental platform based on immunodeficient mice implanted with human lung tissue (hereafter, human lung-only mice (LoM)) to demonstrate the efficient in vivo replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as two endogenous SARS-like bat coronaviruses that show potential for emergence as human pathogens. Virus replication in this model occurs in bona fide human lung tissue and does not require any type of adaptation of the virus or the host. Our results indicate that bats contain endogenous coronaviruses that are capable of direct transmission to humans. Our detailed analysis of in vivo infection with SARS-CoV-2 in human lung tissue from LoM showed a predominant infection of human lung epithelial cells, including type-2 pneumocytes that are present in alveoli and ciliated airway cells. Acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 was highly cytopathic and induced a robust and sustained type-I interferon and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine response. Finally, we evaluated a therapeutic and pre-exposure prophylaxis strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results show that therapeutic and prophylactic administration of EIDD-2801-an oral broad-spectrum antiviral agent that is currently in phase II/III clinical trials-markedly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo, and thus has considerable potential for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a biologically based temperament trait associated with enhanced awareness and responsivity to environmental and social stimuli. Individuals with high SPS are more affected by their environments, which may result in overarousal, cognitive depletion, and fatigue.

We examined individual differences in resting-state (rs) brain connectivity (using functional MRI) as a function of SPS among a group of adults (M age = 66.13 ± 11.44 years) immediately after they completed a social affective "empathy" task. SPS was measured with the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) Scale and correlated with rs brain connectivity.

Results showed enhanced rs brain connectivity within the ventral attention, dorsal attention, and limbic networks as a function of greater SPS. Region of interest analyses showed increased rs brain connectivity between the hippocampus and the precuneus (implicated in episodic memory); while weaker connectivity was shown between the amygdala and the periaqueductal gray (important for anxiety), and the hippocampus and insula (implicated in habitual cognitive processing).

The present study showed that SPS is associated with rs brain connectivity implicated in attentional control, consolidation of memory, physiological homeostasis, and deliberative cognition. These results support theories proposing "depth of processing" as a central feature of SPS and highlight the neural processes underlying this cardinal feature of the trait.
The present study showed that SPS is associated with rs brain connectivity implicated in attentional control, consolidation of memory, physiological homeostasis, and deliberative cognition. These results support theories proposing "depth of processing" as a central feature of SPS and highlight the neural processes underlying this cardinal feature of the trait.
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