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Strontium escalating calcium availability through calcium supplement citrate.
With a long experience in evaluating public health measures in the fields of HIV and drug addiction at national level, the Evaluation and Expertise in Public Health sector (CEESAN, Unisanté, Switzerland) has also been monitoring the situation in the canton of Vaud for more than twenty years. In this article, we present two instruments developed for epidemiological monitoring purposes the « Pointage annuel du profil des usager·ère·s des structures à bas-seuil d'accès » (PAPU, annual measure of users of low-threshold facilities' profile) and the online platform for opioid agonist treatments. The data collected through these two instruments provide information on the main characteristics of precarious drug users in the canton and help to guide public policy in this field.Physicians, pharmacists and caregivers, as well as public health officials and citizens, must sort through the enormous amount of information circulating about the pandemic. This crisis is accompanied by a real « infodemic » via multiple media, digital and otherwise. Is circulating a mixture of reliable information but also of misinformation, fed by the obscurantism jeopardizing the implementation of interventions such as vaccination or mask-wearing. To address this infodemic, evidence-based and data-driven public health should be strengthened. Debuting rumors - « see something, say something » - and promoting credible information limit misinformation. Strengthening people's knowledge in population health science would also help.Public health surveillance is the systematic and ongoing collection, analysis and interpretation of data to produce information useful for decision-making. With the development of data science, surveillance methods are evolving through access to big data. More data does not automatically mean more information. For example, the massive amounts of data on Covid-19 was not easily transformed in useful information for decision-making. Further, data scientists have often difficulties to make their analyses useful for decision-making. For the implementation of evidence-based and data-driven public health practice, the culture of public health surveillance and population health monitoring needs to be strengthened.The life course epidemiology is an interdisciplinary approach to health resulting from the convergence of centres of interest in social epidemiology, natural sciences (biology, genetics) and social sciences (psychology, sociology, history). It examines the origin of chronic diseases in the past of individuals, considering the duration and timing of exposure to different risk factors, throughout the life of the individual, from gestation to an advanced age. The life course epidemiology is interested as much in bio-psycho-social determinants as in environmental and societal influences on the trajectories of health and various diseases, either somatic or psychic.A consortium of Swiss universities has set up a dashboard providing daily 7-day epidemic forecasting for 209 countries and territories around the world. Relayed on social networks, international media, and the sites of major public health agencies, these forecasts can help guiding public policy. However, the time horizon of these forecasts is limited and their accuracy is sometimes questionable, even at 7 days. Interdisciplinary research aimed at increasing the complexity of mathematical models can improve the accuracy of the forecasts provided.The measures put in place to fight the Covid-19 pandemic have a strong impact on many programs to fight several other infectious diseases in Africa. The disruption of drug and equipment supply chains, the interruption of therapies, or the under-detection of new cases produce excess morbidity and mortality linked to many other diseases, including HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. These indirect impacts could ultimately turn out to be much greater than the direct impacts associated with the current Covid-19 pandemic. Mitigation measures for these indirect impacts are underway, but most require access to quality and up-to-date data on the state of health services.An analysis of excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020 before the 2nd wave of COVID-19 is proposed by comparing the number of deaths observed in 2020 with those of the last five years, while taking into account population growth. Three periods are identified before, during and after the 1st wave of COVID-19. Over all these periods, a sub-mortality of -3.3 % is obtained at the national level. However, if we restrict the analysis to the period during the first wave and to the cantons most affected by the virus, we obtain an important excess mortality, up to more than 80 % in Ticino, showing that these calculations depend crucially on when, where and for whom the deaths are counted. Such an analysis will have to be repeated once the 2nd wave is over in order to estimate the overall impact of the epidemic on excess mortality in Switzerland.During the first wave of Covid-19, hospital professionals had to quickly adapt their practices and introduce several changes in the organization of work and patient care. In this study, we were interested in how these changes were experienced by the professionals of 11 hospitals in French-speaking Switzerland. this website The results underline the importance of support between colleagues and between services in this crisis, which seems to have been marked by an improvement in interprofessional coordination and collaboration. The support of direct managers also seems to have been crucial but largely dependent on their leadership skills. Respondents emphasized the need for a transparent institutional communication.
Classification of breast lesions into different cytological groups can accurately be done using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast lesions has been considered to be the primary investigation in detecting breast cancers, especially in low-cost settings. The main objective of this study was to prospectively re-confirm the diagnostic accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system. Additionally, separate secondary subgroup analysis was done to confirm the accuracy of breast FNAB excluding lymph-node positive and lymphadenopathy positive tumors.

A prospective study was done on patients undergoing biopsy of breast lesions between September 01, 2019 and November 30, 2020 (519 biopsies on 487 unique patients). Of these 519 histopathology biopsies, 505 had corresponding FNAB report of the same site. The FNAB was reported using the IAC Yokohama system and the most suitable category was allotted in every case.
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