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Endoscopic procedure as being a diagnostic application for colon parasitic pathological adjustments.
With growing interest in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), the number of research studies on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) mediated pollutant degradation has increased significantly due to its high radical generation potential upon activation. However, rare studies have focused on the non-radical based PMS reactions. In this study, degradation of model H1-antihistamines cetirizine (CET) and diphenhydramine (DPH) by unactivated PMS was investigated. Addition of scavengers to the reaction mixture ruled out the involvement of hydroxyl radical (OH), sulfate radical (SO4-), singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2-), indicating direct PMS oxidation as the predominant reaction path. Such a mechanism was further supported by the N-oxide products identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Solution pH had a pronounced influence on the degradation kinetics regardless the presence or absence of transition metal Fe(II). The highest species dependent second order rate constants were kHSO5-/DPH0 of 175 ± 15.9 M-1 s-1 and kHSO5-/CET- of 36.6 ± 0.16 M-1 s-1. The addition of 100 μM Fe(II) promoted OH mediated degradation of H1-antihistamines and their N-oxide products. This study demonstrated selective transformation with the potential for extensive degradation employing both the direct and catalytic PMS oxidative processes.The mechanistic role of green copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in cadmium (Cd) toxicity alleviation in plants is poorly understood. Here, the CuNPs, synthesized by using a bacterium Shigella flexneri SNT22, were confirmed through UV-vis spectroscopy with a characteristic peak at 334.50 nm. Moreover, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques revealed that the spherical shaped crystals of CuNPs with a size range of 17.24 nm to 38.03 nm were stabilized by coating proteins. Diff ;erent levels of CuNPs (e.g., 25, 50, and 100 mg kg-1 of soil) were examined in pots having Cd-mixed soil to evaluate their effect on wheat plants in a growth chamber under optimal environmental conditions. Treatment of soil with 100 mg kg-1 of CuNPs increased plant length by 44.4 %, shoot dry weight by 28.26 %, nitrogen contents by 41.60 %, and phosphorus contents by 58.79 %, whereas decreased the acropetal Cd translocation by 49.62 %. An increase in the N, P, K+, Ca2+, K+/Na+, and Ca2+/Na+ contents and decrease in the Na+ concentration in wheat plants treated with CuNPs was also recorded. Overall, the results are valuable to establish a green CuNPs-based approach for sustainable wheat growth in metal-contaminated soils.In this work, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and paper mill sludge (PMS) were co-pyrolyzed under two environments of N2 and CO2. see more The pyrolysis process was assessed by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and monitoring the evolution of gaseous products. The resulting solid composites were characterized using XRD, XPS, BET, and Raman analyzers, and their ability to catalytically activate persulfate (S2O82-) was tested by conducting methyl orange (MO) degradation experiments. Co-pyrolysis of PVC and PMS at the same mass ratio (11) in CO2 resulted in the highest production of H2 and CO (0.36 mol % H2 at 480 °C & 1.53 mol % CO at 700 °C). The characterization results revealed that the composite consisted of Fe3O4, highly graphitic carbon, and mesoporous structure. In MO oxidation experiments, the co-pyrolyzed composite actively generated OH and SO4- by activating S2O82- to achieve complete removal of 5 mg L-1 of MO during 100 min at acidic-neutral pH condition. The composite was also able to complete 3 successive cycles of MO oxidation without deactivation. Consequently, the feasibility of achieving the simultaneous production of energy resources and catalyst via industrial wastes utilization in pyrolytic process was demonstrated.TiO2-embedded expanded polystyrene (TiO2EPS) balls were produced in large quantities using continuous manufacturing plants and four processes (i.e., fixing-coating-freeze drying-air drying). Two mesocosms [i.e., a photocatalytic zone (PZ) vs. a control zone (CZ)] and in-situ real-time monitoring device were installed to monitor the water quality within the hypereutrophic stream and to elucidate the long-term effect of TiO2EPS balls on the growth inhibition of harmful algae for two years (i.e., 2016-2017). The difference in the concentrations of both Chl-a and phycocyanin between CZ and PZ was temporally variable and was significant from August to October with higher solar irradiation levels. Although the effective depth of TiO2EPS balls varied as a complex function of the photocatalytic reactions of TiO2EPS balls and various environmental factors, the photooxidation effect of TiO2EPS balls decreased with the increase in water depth and the effective water depth for growth inhibition was less than 0.5 m. Compare to bimodal distributions in concentrations of both Chl-a and phycocyanin in CZ, both shifted and lowered peaks were mainly due to the photocatalytic degradation and irradiation shading under natural solar irradiation by applying TiO2EPS balls in hypereutrophic water body. Consequently, the TiO2EPS balls developed in this study can prevent both growth and reproduction of harmful algae in hypereutrophic water body, regardless of the environmental factors.Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) could efficiently stabilize heavy metals in the environment. This study characterized the effects of two plant growth-promoting and γ-PGA-producing bacteria Bacillus subtilis W7 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W25 on Cd immobilization and γ-PGA production in soil filtrate and on the biomass and Cd uptake by lettuce in Cd-contaminated soil, the impact of these strains on the rhizosphere soil bacterial community was also evaluated. The strains reduced Cd concentration (16-75 %) in soil filtrate and strain W25 had a higher ability of producing γ-PGA and immobilizing Cd than strain W7. Compared with the control, the strains significantly increased the biomass (41-85 %) and reduced Cd uptake (19-41 %) by lettuce, reduced available Cd content (25-37 %) and increased the relative abundance of γ-PGA-producing bacteria (24-30 %) in Cd-contaminated soil, among which the effects of strain W25 were better than that of strain W7. Besides, these isolates also increased soil pH value, urease activity and the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting and metal-immobilizing bacteria such as Sphingomonas and Bacillus.
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