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Connection of bmi and its long-term adjustments along with cardiometabolic conditions: The across the country twin examine.
al cortex as participants with HIV infection age, which was related to the duration of HIV infection and was independent of neuropsychological performance, suggesting an altered trajectory of neural function. © The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.The presence of bacterial biofilms in wounds is a main issue in the healing process. Conventional therapy of bacterial biofilms is hampered by the poor penetration of antibacterial agents through the physical barrier on the infected skin and the non-specific target of antibacterial agents. Here, we present a combination approach of bacterial sensitive nanoparticles (NPs) and dissolving microneedles (MNs) of doxycycline (DOX) for improved biofilm penetration and specifically delivering DOX to the infection site. The NPs were prepared from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) decorated with chitosan. The release of DOX was improved with the presence of bacterial producing biofilm up to 7-fold. The incorporation of these NPs into dissolving MNs was able to significantly enhance the dermatokinetic profiles of DOX, indicated by higher retention time compared to needle-free patches. Importantly, the antibiofilm activity in ex vivo biofilm model showed that after 48 h, the bacterial bioburdens decreased up to 99.99% following the application of this approach. The results presented here assist as proof of principle for the improvement of dermatokinetic profiles and antibiofilm activities of DOX, following its formulation into bacterial sensitive NPs and delivery via MN. Future studies must explore in vivo efficacy in a suitable animal model. © 2020 The Authors.Hazard evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) using real-world exposure scenario could provide better interpretation of toxicity end points for their use in the assessment of human safety and for their implications in many fields such as toxicology, nanomedicine, and so forth. However, most of the current studies, both in vivo and in vitro, do not reflect realistic conditions of human exposure to ENMs, due to the high doses implemented. Moreover, the use of cellular models cultured under submerged conditions limits their physiological relevance for lung exposure, where cells are primarily cultured at the air-liquid interface. Addressing such issues is even more challenging for emergent nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), for which little or no information on exposure is available. In this work, we studied the impact of repeated exposure of GO on a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct of human bronchial tissue, using a nebulizer system focusing on short-term effects. The selected doses (reaching ang physiologically relevant in vitro models and doses derived from real-world exposure to obtain focused data for the assessment of human safety. © 2020 The Author(s).Convulsive seizures are known to cause severe cardiopulmonary changes and increased autonomic activity. Limited reports describe peri-ictal cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). We present a unique case of a healthy 23-year-old male patient with new onset prolonged AF in the setting of new onset seizures, occurring on three independent occasions. Over two years, our patient had multiple hospitalizations for seizures with an electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis of AF made on three different occasions, occurring during his post-ictal state (all within 30 min of seizure onset). These seizures were never captured by electroencephalography (EEG) or witnessed by the medical staff, but were reported by family and/or reviewed on video provided by them. After his first GTCS, his AF persisted and was medically cardioverted. Two additional instances of AF after witnessed GTCS have been captured. After his second unprovoked seizure, an anti-seizure drug (ASD) was prescribed. A multi-disciplinary approach may be adopted to address comorbidities associated with seizures. Aggressive evaluation and treatment should be employed for newly diagnosed and refractory seizure patients associated with arrhythmias, in our case AF. Peri-ictal arrhythmias may be considered a potential marker for increased sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk. © 2019 The Authors.Cannabis use is associated with changes in brain structure and function; its neurotoxic effects are largely attributed to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol. Whether such effects are present in patients with epilepsy exposed to a highly-purified cannabidiol isolate (CBD; Epidiolex®; Greenwich Biosciences, Inc.) has not been investigated to date. This preliminary study examines whether daily CBD dose of 15-25 mg/kg produces cerebral macrostructure changes and, if present, how they relate to changes in seizure frequency. Selleckchem SCH-527123 Twenty-seven patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy were recruited from the University of Alabama at Birmingham CBD Program. Participants provided seizure frequency diaries (SF), completed the Chalfont Seizure Severity Scale (CSSS) and Adverse Events Profile (AEP), and underwent MRI before CBD (baseline) and after achieving a stable CBD dosage (on-CBD). We examined T1-weighted structural images for gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness changes from baseline to on-CBD in 18 participants. Repeated measures t-tests confirmed decreases in SF [t(17) = 3.08, p = 0.0069], CSSS [t(17) = 5.77, p  less then  0.001], and AEP [t(17) = 3.04, p = 0.0074] between the two time-points. Voxel-level paired samples t-tests did not identify significant changes in GMV or cortical thickness between these two time-points. In conclusion, short-term exposure to highly purified CBD may not affect cortical macrostructure. © 2019 The Authors.Background & Aims Acute liver failure as the initial presentation of Wilson's disease is usually associated with onset in childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. Outcomes after transplantation for late-onset presentations, at or after 40 years, are seldom reported in the literature. Methods We report a case, review the literature and provide unpublished data from the UK Transplant Registry on late-onset acute liver failure in Wilson's disease. Results We describe the case of a 62-year-old man presenting with acute liver failure who was successfully treated with urgent liver transplantation. We identified 7 cases presenting at age 40 years or over in the literature, for which individual outcomes were reported; 3 were treated with transplantation and 2 survived. We identified a further 8 cases listed for transplantation in the UK between 1995 and 2014; 7 were treated with transplantation and 6 survived. One patient was de-listed for unknown reasons. Conclusions Wilson's disease should be considered in older adults presenting with acute liver failure.
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