Notes

Re-Use of Caco-2 Monolayers within Permeability Assays-Validation Regarding Mobile Monolayer Strength.
Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative coccobacillus, is notorious for its involvement in opportunistic infections around the world. Its resistance to antibiotics makes treatment of infections challenging. SP-2577 LSD1 inhibitor In this study, we describe a novel response regulator protein, AvnR (A1S_2006) that regulates virulence-related traits in A. baumannii ATCC17978. Sequence analysis suggests that AvnR is a CheY-like response regulator and contains the RNA-binding ANTAR (AmiR and NasR transcription anti-termination regulators) domain. We show that AvnR plays a role in regulating biofilm formation (on glass and plastic surfaces), surface motility, adhesion to A549 cells as well as in nitrogen metabolism in A. baumannii. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that avnR deletion results in altered expression of more than 150 genes (116 upregulated and 42 downregulated). RNA-Seq data suggest that altered biofilm formation and surface motility observed in the avnR deletion mutant is likely mediated by previously unknown pathways. Of note, was the altered expression of genes predicted to be involved in amino acid transport and metabolism in avnR deletion mutant. Biolog phenotypic array showed that deletion of avnR hampered A. baumannii ATCC17978's ability to metabolize various nitrogen sources, particularly that of glutamic acid, serine, histidine, aspartic acid, isoleucine and arginine. Taken together our data show that AvnR, the first ANTAR protein described in A. baumannii, affects virulence phenotypes as well as its ability to metabolize nitrogen sources.BACKGROUND Apples often experience postharvest damage due to being attacked by mold organisms. Several groups of molds such as Aspergillus sp., Penicilium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Venturia sp. can cause a serious postharvest disease exhibited as watery regions where areas of blue-green tufts of spores develop. Current methods using fungicides to control pathogenic fungi can cause resistance if applied in long term. An alternative procedure using yeast as a biological agent has been found. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to screen potential yeast which has ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus brasielensis (isolate A1) and Aspergillus flavus section flavi (isolate A17) isolated from apple fruits. METHODS Antagonism test using YMA dual culture medium using in vitro assays and ITS rDNA identification were performed. RESULTS The result showed that 3 out of 19 yeast isolated from Cerbera manghas L, T1, T3 and T4, demonstrated the potential ability as biocontrol agent. ITS rDNA identification demonstrated that T1 has similarity to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa while T3 and T4 were identified as Aureobasidium sp. nov.. The 3 isolates exhibited the ability to reduce the growth of A. brasiliensis sensu lato better than dithane 0.3% with a disease incidence (DI) of 100% and a disease severity (DS) value of 45%. Only isolate T1 and T3 were able to reduce decay symptoms in apples inoculated with A. flavus sensu lato (with DO and DS were 100% and 25%, respectively) compared to dithane pesticides 0.3%. CONCLUSION This study indicated that competition between nutrients occurs between pathogenic molds and under-yeast in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, further studies in the future might be able to elucidate the 'killer' activity and interaction with the pathogen cells and the bio-product production using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureoubasidium namibiae strains to control postharvest diseases. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading causes of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] Colon cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cycle inhibiting factors (Cifs) have been shown to deamidate Nedd8, resulting in cell cycle arrest. OBJECTIVE To determine the antitumor effect of Cifs on colon cancer by using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009. METHODS The VNP-SOPE2-cif and VNP-SOPE2-cifC/A plasmids were transfected into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009. The efficiency and specificity of the Cif promoter were validated in colon cancer SW480 cell lines. Western blotting was subsequently performed to evaluate cell cycle regulators, including P21, P27 and Wee1. In vivo, the antitumor effect of VNP20009 was evaluated in a colon cancer xenograft model. RESULTS First, VNP-SOPE2-cif and VNP-SOPE2-cifC/A were selectively expressed both in the bacterial and colon cancer cells. Cif expression in SW480 cells via the VNP tumor-targeted expression system induced the accumulation of Wee1, p21 and p27 expression. Moreover, tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the mice with VNP-SOPE2-cif compared to the mice with VNP with the empty construct. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Cif gene delivery by VNP20009 is a promising approach for the treatment of colon cancer. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] In recent years, the uses of nanotechnology in medicine have an increasing potential as an effective nanocarrier system. These systems are improved with the purpose to maximize therapeutic activity and to minimize undesirable side-effects. Moreover, radiolabeled nanoparticles can be used as agents for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes in clinical applications. They have three main components the core, the targeting biomolecule, and the radionuclide. OBJECTIVE It is aimed to synthesize Metformin (MET) loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (MET-SLN) and radiolabeled with technetium-99m tricarbonyl core. METHODS The structure of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The particle size and morphology of nanoparticles were examined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Quality control studies of radiolabeled MET-SLN [ 99mTc(CO)3-MET-SLN] were performed by High-Performance Liquid Radiochromatography (HPLRC) and Thin Layer Radiochromatography(TLRC).
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