Notes

Revised Scott Smith Bandage in reducing hemorrhage in total knee joint arthroplasty: A meta-analysis associated with randomized controlled studies.
05-3.35) and in 9 soil samples for the child (1.06-26.93). The hazard index (HI) of the child was 4.00 on average, greater than that of the adult (0.62), primarily due to the contribution of As and Cd. It suggested non-carcinogenic risks are likely to occur in children through typical hand-to-mouth behavior. The adjustment of colon bioaccessibility will result in more accurate risk assessment of human exposure to heavy metals from oral ingestion of contaminated soils.In the modern era of industrialization, illuminated nights have become a common defining feature of human-occupied environments, particularly cities. Artificial light at night (ALAN) imposes several known negative impacts on the neuroendocrine system, metabolism, and seasonal reproduction of species living in the wild. However, we know little about the impact of ALAN on populations of birds that either live year-round in the same location or move to different latitudes across seasons. To test whether ALAN has a differing impact on the reproductive timing of bird populations that winter in sympatry but breed at different latitudes, we monitored sedentary and migratory male dark-eyed juncos that were or were not exposed to low intensity (∼2.5 ± 0.5 lux) ALAN. All groups were held in common conditions and day length was gradually increased to mimic natural day length changes (NDL). We assessed seasonal reproductive response from initiation to termination of the breeding cycle. As expected based on earlier researing. This study reveals that, ALAN accelerated reproductive development but maintained latitude-dependent variation in reproductive timing across both migrant and resident bird populations.Microplastic (MP) pollution in the environment has aroused great concern. However, our knowledge of MP abundance and distribution in soil environment is scarce. This work investigated the MPs in the farmland and grassland at a remote area of China, namely, the eastern area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The average numbers of MPs were 53.2 ± 29.7 and 43.9 ± 22.3 items/kg in shallow and deep soil, respectively, from 35 soil samples. A remarkable difference in MP abundances was observed among soil samples from mulch farmland, greenhouses, farmland without covering, and grassland. The MPs were mostly in the form of a film and transparent in color in this study. The dominant polymers of MPs in the soil samples were polyester (PE) and polypropylene (PP). This study revealed the characteristics of MP distribution among different land use at the QTP, and MPs may stem from the fragmentation of plastic mulch in farmland soil. Notably, MP abundance increased with the increase in mulching time in facility agriculture. Additionally, human disturbances and increased mulching time in facility agriculture promote the fragmentation of soil MPs. This study provides important data for follow-up research on MPs in a plateau terrestrial ecosystem.Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are global, persistent, and toxic contaminants. We assessed PFAS concentrations in green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles from the North Pacific. Fifteen compounds were quantified via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry from 62 green turtle and 6 hawksbill plasma samples from Hawai'i, Palmyra Atoll, and the Northern Marianas Islands. Plasma from 14 green turtles severely afflicted with fibropapillomatosis, and eggs from 12 Hawaiian hawksbill nests from 7 females were analyzed. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) predominated in green turtle plasma; perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) predominated in hawksbill tissues. Concentrations were greater in hawksbill than green turtle plasma (p less then 0.05), related to trophic differences. Green turtle plasma PFOS concentrations were related to human populations from highest to lowest Hawai'i, Marianas, Palmyra. Influence on fibropapillomatosis was not evident. PFASs were maternally transferred to hawksbill eggs, with decreasing concentrations with distance from airports and with clutch order from one female. A risk assessment of PFOS showed concern for immunosuppression in Kailua green turtles and alarming concern for hawksbill developmental toxicity. Perfluoroundecanoic (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic (PFTriA) acid levels were correlated with reduced emergence success (p less then 0.05). Studies to further examine PFAS effects on sea turtle development would be beneficial.Premix membrane emulsification (PME) is a pressure driven process of droplet breakup, caused by their motion through membrane pores. The process is widely used for high-throughput production of sized-controlled emulsion droplets and microparticles using low energy inputs. The resultant droplet size depends on numerous process, membrane, and formulation factors such as flow velocity in pores, number of extrusions, initial droplet size, internal membrane geometry, wettability of pore walls, and physical properties of emulsion. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different mechanisms of droplet deformation and breakup in membranes with versatile pore morphologies including sintered glass and ceramic filters, SPG and polymeric membranes with sponge-like structures, micro-engineered metallic membranes with ordered straight-through pore arrays, and dynamic membranes composed of unconsolidated particles. Fundamental aspects of droplet motion and breakup in idealized pore networks have also been covered including droplet disruption in T-junctions, channel constrictions, and obstructed channels. The breakup mechanisms due to shear interactions with pore walls and localized shear (direct breaking) or due to interfacial tension effects and Rayleigh-Plateau instability (indirect breaking) are systematically discussed based on recent experimental and numerical studies. Non-dimensional droplet size correlations based on capillary, Weber, and Ohnesorge numbers are also presented.A 45-year-old lady was evaluated for recurrent episodes of palpitation. Her 12‑lead electrocardiogram (ECG) showed manifest but incomplete pre-excitation consistent with left sided accessory pathway. There was no structural heart disease by echocardiogram. She underwent an electrophysiology (EP) study after informed consent. A narrow QRS tachycardia consistent with orthodromic AV re-entry got induced. The accessory pathway was mapped to 2 'O clock of the mitral annulus (MA). 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