Notes

Nerve demonstration regarding hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by recurrent pruritic inflammatory skin lesions and defects of the skin barrier. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus contributes to increased severity of AD by compromising the barrier further. A microorganism component of Avène Thermal Spring Water, Aquaphilus dolomiae, is thought to contribute to some of its beneficial effects to skin, eg AD alleviation.

Here, we have investigated the effects of an extract of A.dolomiae, A.dolomiae extract-G1 (ADE-G1), on the structural barrier function of keratinocytes, tight junction (TJ) protein expression and the expression of several genes altered in AD patients.

An epidermal cell culture model mimicking the AD environment and phenotype was used, in which S.aureus-infected cell cultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to a proinflammatory environment. Endpoints measured included the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and immunohistological staining of the epider bacterial infection and inflammation.
ADE-G1 reinforces barrier function and strongly protects TJ barrier disruption induced by bacterial infection and inflammation.Aquaphilus dolomiae (AD) is a unique isolate from Avène Thermal Spring Water. I-Modulia, the first biotech extract from culture of AD, was used as immune modulator in Th2 inflammatory models. In this short publication, firstly we describe generation of two AD de novo extracts specifically designed for repairing and for neuroinflammation modulation activities which will be described, respectively, in two other articles in this supplement. Finally, for I-modulia, we describe new data on inhibition of human mast cell degranulation in vitro and its effect on substance P-induced neurogenic inflammation on ex vivo human skin explants.The beneficial effects of Avène Thermal Spring Water (TSW), a low mineral content spring water, on chronic skin diseases have been recognized for more than two centuries. Sunitinib solubility dmso This article provides a brief overview of efficacy and tolerance data for Avène TSW from clinical studies conducted at the Avène Hydrotherapy Center in patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases or temporary skin injuries. Avène TSW hydrotherapy is effective as adjuvant management for chronic skin diseases and dermatological conditions, relieving subjective and physical symptoms with excellent tolerance.
Thermal Spring Water (TSW) has been recognized to have beneficial effects on skin; however, the mechanisms underlying these are not completely elucidated.

We compared the effects of Avène TSW with mineral-rich (MR) TSW on the biomechanical properties of the skin using mechanistic exvivo assays and clinical studies.

Ex vivo studies included the effect of both TSWs on the structure of the surface of human skin explants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); mineral elemental content on the skin surface using SEM coupled to energy dispersing X-ray spectroscopy; and the stress properties of the stratum corneum (SC) when exposed to dehydration. Human clinical studies were conducted to compare the soothing effect of TSWs after a dermatological chemical peeling of face skin and to evaluate the overall sensitive scale of consumers using Avène TSW for 7days.

Both TSWs preserved surface skin ultrastructure; however, crystals formed from MR-TSW were needle-like and formed small grains, present in clusters hetlunteers. Mechanistic studies suggested that differences in biomechanical effects could be linked to differences in calcium content of the TSW.
Inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD), associated pruritus and sensitive skin, have a complex multifactorial pathogenesis including neurogenic inflammation involving the release in blood and skin of neurotransmitters such as substance P (SP).

In vitro models evaluated the effect of the original biological extract of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract-G3 (ADE-G3) on cutaneous neurogenic inflammation.

ADE-G3 significantly inhibited SP-stimulated release of IL-1β and TNF-α from normal human epidermal keratinocytes; significantly and dose-dependently inhibited SP-stimulated activation of human mast cells; significantly inhibited veratridine-stimulated release of SP from human sensory neurons; modulated expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, innate immunity, corneocyte scaffolding and epidermal differentiation in a histamine-sensitized reconstructed human epidermis model; and, when applied topically to exvivo human explants, inhibited IL-8 and histamine release.

Topically applied ADE-G3, once formulated, may improve neuro-inflammation in patients with inflammatory skin disorders.
Topically applied ADE-G3, once formulated, may improve neuro-inflammation in patients with inflammatory skin disorders.
A biological concentrate was produced from cultures of an Avène aquatic microflora isolate, namely Aquaphilus dolomiae. Some of the beneficial effects on diseased and damaged skin are thought to be due to the presence of this microorganism.

An extract of A. dolomiae (A. dolomiae extract-G2, ADE-G2) was evaluated for its wound-healing effects using invitro and exvivo models of injured skin.

The effect of ADE-G2 on the proliferation of fibroblasts, migration of keratinocytes and re-epithelialization of exvivo wounded skin explants was measured. Antimicrobial protection by ADE-G2 was measured by analysing the gene expression of a panel of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in keratinocytes (RNASE7, S100A7, DEFB4A/B and DEFb103B), as well as the protein encoded by DEFB4A-B (hBD2) in the medium.

ADE-G2 increased fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte migration, as well as re-epithelialization of wounded exvivo skin. ADE-G2 induced the expression of all AMP genes analysed in keratinocytes, as well as stimulated the release in to the medium of hBD2 peptide, encoded by DEFB4A/B.

We have shown the broad spectrum of the repairing properties of the A. dolomiae extract, ADE-G2. These results support the use of ADE-G2 as a promising component for use in formulations aimed at repairing skin, limiting wound superinfection and preventing complicated wounds.
We have shown the broad spectrum of the repairing properties of the A. dolomiae extract, ADE-G2. These results support the use of ADE-G2 as a promising component for use in formulations aimed at repairing skin, limiting wound superinfection and preventing complicated wounds.
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