Notes

In Silico Finding of Multistep Biochemistry Initiated by way of a Conical Intersection: The hard Case of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts.
During a behavioural survey of a tagged whale shark (Rhincodon typus) conducted in 2019 in the waters off Kagoshima, Japan, a typhoon passed close to the area under surveillance. As the typhoon approached, monitoring of the shark's movements indicated that it dived to depths of up to 90 m, and during this period, the authors recorded the effects of the typhoon-induced waves. They also detected changes in the vertical thermal structure of the waters, possibly due to the disturbance caused by the typhoon.The transcriptome and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from Penaeus vannamei cultured in seawater (strain HN1)and freshwater (strain SH1) ponds were studied at different salinity (2‰ and 20‰). At different salinity, 623 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly upregulated and 1,559 DEGs significantly downregulated in SH1. In HN1, 466 DEGs significantly upregulated and 1,930 DEGs significantly downregulated, indicating high salinity can lead to the downregulation of most genes. In KEGG analysis, the expression of DEGs annotated to starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was higher at 2‰ salinity than at 20‰ salinity in HN1 and SH1, implying salinity affected bacterial growth mainly through this pathway. In the enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs, two pathways (Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and Butanoate metabolism) were significantly enriched at different salinity. Antibiotic-susceptibility test discovered that SH1 isolated from P. buy D-AP5 vannamei cultured in freshwater was resistant to multiple drugs, including kanamycin, gentamicin, medemycin, and azithromycin, at a salinity of 2‰, whereas at 20‰ salinity, SH1 was not resistant to the drugs. The HN1 strain isolated from P. vannamei cultured in mariculture was resistant to polymyxin B and clindamycin at 20‰ salinity. Whereas, HN1 was intermediately susceptible to these two antibiotics at 2‰ salinity. These results indicate that the drug resistance of bacteria was affected by salinity. Furthermore, beta-lactam resistance was significantly enriched in SH1 at different salinity, and the inhibition zone of penicillin G was consistent with the results of a beta-lactam resistance pathway.
This study aimed to design and evaluate a novel method for the registration of 2D lateral cephalograms and 3D craniofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, providing patient-specific 3D structures from a 2D lateral cephalogram without additional radiationexposure.

We developed a cross-modal deformable registration model based on a deep convolutional neural network. Our approach took advantage of a low-dimensional deformation field encoding and an iterative feedback scheme to infer coarse-to-fine volumetric deformations. In particular, we constructed a statistical subspace of deformation fields and parameterized the nonlinear mapping function from an image pair, consisting of the target 2D lateral cephalogram and the reference volumetric CBCT, to a latent encoding of the deformation field. Instead of the one-shot registration by the learned mapping function, a feedback scheme was introduced to progressively update the reference volumetric image and to infer coarse-to-fine deformations fields, aerative feedback scheme handled the structural details and improved the registration. The resultant deformed volumetric image was consistent with the target lateral cephalogram in both 2D projective planes and 3D volumetric space regarding the multicategory craniofacialstructures.

The results suggest that the deep learning-based 2D-3D registration model enables the deformable alignment of 2D lateral cephalograms and CBCTs and estimates patient-specific 3D craniofacial structures.
The results suggest that the deep learning-based 2D-3D registration model enables the deformable alignment of 2D lateral cephalograms and CBCTs and estimates patient-specific 3D craniofacial structures.
The purpose of this study was to measure the threshold diameter of calcifications and masses for 2D imaging, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and synthetic 2D images, for a range of breast glandularities. This study shows the limits of detection for each of the technologies and the strengths and weaknesses of each in terms of visualizing the radiological features of small cancers.

Mathematical voxel breast phantoms with glandularities by volume of 9%, 18%, and 30% with a thickness of 53mm were created. Simulated ill-defined masses and calcification clusters with a range of diameters were inserted into some of these breast models. The imaging characteristics of a Siemens Inspiration X-ray system were measured for a 29kV, tungsten/rhodium anode/filter combination. Ray tracing through the breast models was undertaken to create simulated 2D and DBT projection images. These were then modified to adjust the image sharpness, and to add scatter and noise. The mean glandular doses for the images were 1.43, 1.47ularities. The lesions simulated were very subtle and further work is required to examine the clinical effect of not seeing the smallest calcifications in clusters.
We have shown that glandularity has only a small effect on the detection of calcifications, but the threshold diameter of masses was significantly larger for higher glandularity for all of the modalities tested. We measured nonsignificantly larger threshold diameters for synthetic 2D imaging than for 2D imaging for masses at the 9% (p = 0.059) and 18% (p = 0.19) glandularities and significantly larger diameters for calcifications (p less then 0.001) for all glandularities. The lesions simulated were very subtle and further work is required to examine the clinical effect of not seeing the smallest calcifications in clusters.To maximize the potential of genomics in medicine, it is essential to establish databases of genomic variants for ethno-geographic groups that can be used for filtering and prioritizing candidate pathogenic variants. Populations with non-European ancestry are poorly represented among current genomic variant databases. Here, we report the first high-density survey of genomic variants for the Thai population, the Thai Reference Exome (T-REx) variant database. T-REx comprises exome sequencing data of 1092 unrelated Thai individuals. The targeted exome regions common among four capture platforms cover 30.04 Mbp on autosomes and chromosome X. 345 681 short variants (18.27% of which are novel) and 34 907 copy number variations were found. Principal component analysis on 38 469 single nucleotide variants present worldwide showed that the Thai population is most genetically similar to East and Southeast Asian populations. Moreover, unsupervised clustering revealed six Thai subpopulations consistent with the evidence of gene flow from neighboring populations. The prevalence of common pathogenic variants in T-REx was investigated in detail, which revealed subpopulation-specific patterns, in particular variants associated with erythrocyte disorders such as the HbE variant in HBB and the Viangchan variant in G6PD. T-REx serves as a pivotal addition to the current databases for genomic medicine.
To examine the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) among adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Using administrative insurance claims data for 2007 to 2017 in the USA, we identified adults (45y or older) with a diagnosis of CP (n=5176). Adults without a diagnosis of CP were included as a typically developing comparison group (n=1119131). Using age, sex, ethnicity, other demographic variables, and a set of chronic morbidities, we propensity-matched individuals with and without CP (n=5038). Cox survival models were used to estimate ADRD risk within a 3-year follow up.

The unadjusted incidence of ADRD was 9 and 2.4 times higher among cohorts of adults 45 to 64years (1.8%) and 65years and older (4.8%) with CP than the respective unmatched individuals without CP (0.2% and 2.0% among 45-64y and 65y or older respectively). Fully adjusted survival models indicated that adults with CP had a greater hazard for ADRD (among 45-64y unmatched hazard ratio 7.48 [95% confidence interval CI 6.05-9.25], matched hazard ratio 4.73 [95% CI 2.72-8.29]; among 65y or older unmatched hazard ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.95-2.51], matched hazard ratio 1.73 [1.39-2.15]).

Clinical guidelines for early screening of cognitive function among individuals with CP need updating, and preventative and/or therapeutic services should be used to reduce the risk of ADRD.
Clinical guidelines for early screening of cognitive function among individuals with CP need updating, and preventative and/or therapeutic services should be used to reduce the risk of ADRD.The doubling time (DT) of the BCR-ABL1 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) transcript level reflects the re-growing fraction of leukaemic cells after discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). The present study analyzed monthly DT within six months after imatinib discontinuation in 131 patients. Monthly DT was calculated as x = ln(2)/K, where x is the DT and K is the fold BCR-ABL1 change from the previous value divided by the number of days between each measurement. The optimal DT value was determined as 12·75 days at two months using a recursive partitioning method. The patients were stratified into three groups the high-risk group (DT0, with rapidly proliferating chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells; n = 26) showed the lowest molecular relapse-free survival (mRFS) of 7·7% at 12 months, compared to 53·6% in the intermediate-risk group (DT≥12·75 days, with slowly proliferating CML cells; n = 16) or 90·0% in the low-risk group (DT≤0, i.e., without proliferating CML cells; n = 71; P less then 0·001). Monthly assessment of DT helps identify high-risk patients for treatment-free remission failure with an imminent risk of molecular recurrence, and to define low-risk patients who can be spared the frequent monitoring of monthly molecular tests.
Permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia (pCIA), for which preventive interventions remain limited, can manifest with scarring. While the underlying pathomechanisms of pCIA are unclear, depletion of epithelial hair follicle (HF) stem cells (eHFSCs) is likely to play a role.

To explore the hypothesis that eHFSCs undergo pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) besides apoptosis in pCIA, thus explaining the scarring phenotype. Furthermore, we tested whether a PPARγ modulator can prevent pCIA-associated pathomechanisms.

Organ-cultured human scalp HFs were treated with the cyclophosphamide metabolite, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Additionally, HFs were pre-treated with the agnostic PPARγ modulator, N-Acetyl-GED-0507-34-Levo (NAGED), which we had previously shown to promote K15 expression and antagonize EMT in eHFSCs.

In accordance with anticipated hair bulb cytotoxicity, dystrophy and catagen induction, 4-HC promoted apoptosis along with increased p53 expression, DNA damage and patholoogical processes. Our data introduce the stimulation of PPARγ signaling as a novel intervention strategy for the prevention of pCIA, given the ability of NAGED to prevent chemotherapy-induced eHFSCs damage ex vivo.
Homepage: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/d-ap5.html