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Surgical treatment and results of posterior fossa arachnoid nodule inside children.
7 mm lens with an effective focal length of 377 mm and a field of view of 1.6°. The light from the telescope is introduced into an integrating sphere, which destroys the image and the polarization for measurement by a fiber-coupled spectroradiometer. Herein, we present an overview of the instrument and support system with emphasis on the telescope design.Searches for dark matter axions involve the use of microwave resonant cavities operating in a strong magnetic field. Detector sensitivity is directly related to the cavity quality factor, which is limited, until recently, to the use of non-superconducting metals by the presence of the external magnetic field. Belumosudil molecular weight In this paper, we present a cavity of novel design whose quality factor is not affected by a magnetic field. It is based on a photonic structure by the use of sapphire rods. The quality factor at cryogenic temperature is in excess of 5 × 105 for a selected mode.The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a multi-narrow beam X-ray Luminescence Computed Tomography (XLCT) system based on a simple coded aperture. The proposed XLCT system is studied through simulations of x rays and diffuse light propagation and the implementation of the multi-narrow beam XLCT reconstruction algorithm. The relationship between the reconstructed quality of the XLCT image and the pass-element distribution of the coded aperture mask is investigated. The coded aperture that produces the best image quality metrics for the numerical phantom is selected for the XLCT system. The effects of detection positions and the number of projection angles are also investigated for considering the scanning efficiency and system structural complexity. The results demonstrate that the proposed multi-narrow beam XLCT system is competent in resolving targets with high complexity when comparing with the coded aperture compressed sensing XLCT system based on a complicated mask. It can also offer an enhancement in scanning efficiency in comparison with the conventional multi-narrow beam XLCT system.Directional solidification (DS) is an established manufacturing process to produce high-performance components from metallic materials with optimized properties. Materials for demanding high-temperature applications, for instance in the energy generation and aircraft engine technology, can only be successfully produced using methods such as directional solidification. It has been applied on an industrial scale for a considerable amount of time, but advancing this method beyond the current applications is still challenging and almost exclusively limited to post-process characterization of the developed microstructures. For a knowledge-based advancement and a contribution to material innovation, in situ studies of the DS process are crucial using realistic sample sizes to ensure scalability of the results to industrial sizes. Therefore, a specially designed Flexible Directional Solidification (FlexiDS) device was developed for use at the P07 High Energy Materials Science beamline at PETRA III (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany). In general, the process conditions of the crucible-free, inductively heated FlexiDS device can be varied from 6 mm/h to 12 000 mm/h (vertical withdrawal rate) and from 0 rpm to 35 rpm (axial sample rotation). Moreover, different atmospheres such as Ar, N2, and vacuum can be used during operation. The device is designed for maximum operation temperatures of 2200 °C. This unique device allows in situ examination of the directional solidification process and subsequent solid-state reactions by x-ray diffraction in the transmission mode. Within this project, different structural intermetallic alloys with liquidus temperatures up to 2000 °C were studied in terms of liquid-solid regions, transformations, and decompositions, with varying process conditions.Deep marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) prospecting has attracted extensive interest because it enables high efficiency and high horizontal-resolution prospecting of gas hydrate and oil. However, the elimination of time errors between the transmitter and the receiver and realization of long-distance high-speed real-time data transmission (submarine towed body status information and raw electromagnetic field data stream) are worthwhile challenges that require continuous effort. We developed a novel towed CSEM system using double-vessels that have high time synchronization accuracy and real-time data transmission. The near-seafloor-towed CSEM receiver contains a deck user terminal, master node, slave nodes, tail buoy, and neutrally buoyant towed cable. The deck user terminal generated and transmitted a pulse per second to the master node through a fiber converter and optical fiber. The RS-485 transceiver then turned the pulse signal into a differential signal and transmitted it to each slave node for error-free synchronization. The time information was also transmitted from the deck user terminal to various nodes through ethernet switches, optical fibers, and serial to ethernet converters. The deck user terminal can conveniently communicate with each node cascaded by the ethernet switch through ethernet and fiber optic communication technology. During an offshore experiment involving oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea, the towed CSEM receiver continuously acquired all electromagnetic components and status information, which achieved a preliminary prospecting result. The maximum transfer rate of real-time data can reach 10 Mbps with 300 m distance between each slave node, and the time synchronization error between transmitter and receiver is less than ±3 µs.Structure formation models describe the change of the particle structure, e.g., by sintering or coating, as a function of the residence time and temperature. For the validation of these models, precise experimental data are required. The precise determination of the required data is difficult due to simultaneously acting mechanisms leading to particle structure formation as well as their dependency on various particle properties and process conditions in the reactor. In this work, a model flow reactor (MFR) is designed and optimized, supported by a validated computational fluid dynamic simulation, to determine the structure formation of nanoparticles under well-defined conditions. Online instrumentation is used to measure the particle mass and different equivalent diameter to detect changes of the particle shape and to calculate the particle structure, defined by the primary particle size, the number of primary particles per agglomerate, coating thickness, effective density, and fractal dimension, by means of structural models.
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