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Changed adipokine quantities are associated with dimethyl fumarate treatment method throughout multiple sclerosis patients.
BACKGROUND Despite continuous efforts to increase the utilization of institutional delivery care services nearly two-fifths women deliver their babies at home without the assistance of skilled birth attendants (SBA) in Nepal. The skilled care at birth can reduce the high maternal and neonatal mortality. This study explored childbirth practices and women's perceptions of childbirth and its associated factors. METHODS An exploratory study was conducted in three purposively selected remote villages of Kapilvastu district, from March to May 2017. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with women who had an under-one year child. We performed a thematic analysis to draw the findings of the study. RESULTS Women sought institutional delivery care either for long labor-pain or obstructed-delivery. Despite various incentives, people still preferred home for normal deliveries. There was also practiced skilled birth attendant (SBA) assisted home delivery care. Some of the local health workers also advised pregnant-women for assisted home delivery care. People considered childbirth as a normal process. Due to cultural beliefs and norms, people were also reluctant to pursue institutional delivery care services. Financial constraints, poor access to services and expensive transportation services were other underlining causes of home delivery practices. CONCLUSIONS Despite various incentives for institutional delivery care; the study did not spectacle an encouraging reaction. It pointed to the very basic and strong relationship between women's position in the household and the society and education with childbirth practices. There were limits to how far financial incentives can overcome these obstacles. selleck kinase inhibitor So, the improvement of the socio-economic conditions of the women would be the viable way-out of the problem.BACKGROUND Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco affect oral as well as general health. People are reluctant to achieve good oral health in lieu of the avoidance of deleterious habits. The objective of this study was to analyze two contrasting health behaviors; the oral hygiene practices against tobacco use in a sample from eastern Terai. METHODS This is questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey carried out in Jhapa district located in eastern Nepal. In this report, practice of toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, frequency of using tobacco related products (paan, gutkha, chilim, cigarette, bidi, hukkah) was assessed. Association of health behavior to sociodemographic variables were tested with regression analysis at 95% confidence limits. RESULTS A total of 1178 respondents (response rate = 96.8%) completed the interview, among them 80.8% were males. Mean age was 52.21 years (SD = 15.943). Overall 72.6% used fluoridated toothpaste and toothbrush for cleaning teeth, 58.8% consumed tobacco related products. Interdental aids utilization was very less (1.2% using dental floss). Age was significantly related to both toothbrushing and tobacco-consuming. Educational status was related significantly to toothbrushing (p less than 0.05). Other sociodemographic variables (marital status, ethnicity, educational status) were not related to consumption of deleterious products (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that consumption of tobacco related products is moderately high in Terai village and oral health practice was found to be influenced by educational status. More such studies to identify status of oral health and impact of tobacco are recommended.BACKGROUND Sickle cell and thalassemia are the inherited disorders of globin chain synthesis, and are the most common monogenic disease worldwide. This study aims to find the distribution of hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell and thalassemia) cases in Nepal using laboratory based data. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out at five different sites of Nepal Government that uses capillary electrophoresis for screening of hemoglobin disorders from January 2019 to March 2019. All the cases diagnosed positive for hemoglobinopathy till December 2018 were collected from laboratory record at each sites, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). RESULTS Out of total 4018 patients tested during the period in all five different sites, 1470 were diagnosed positive for hemoglobinopathy. Sickling disorder was the most predominant hemoglobinopathy followed by ?-thalassemia. Province 5, province 6 and province 7 were mostly affected by sickling disorder while the other provinces by ?-thalassemia. CONCLUSIONS Sickle cell is the commonest cause of hemoglobinopathy followed by B thallesmias in Nepalese population. Sickle cell is more concentrated towards western part of Nepal and especially in Tharu ethnic population. In contrast, the distribution of ?-thalassemia is found throughout the country and among all ethnic groups of population.BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound in comparison to chest X-ray to detect pulmonary complication after cardiac surgery in children. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in tertiary center of Nepal. 141 consecutive paediatric patients aged less than 14 years scheduled for cardiac surgery were enrolled during the 6 months period. Ultrasound was done on the first post-operative day of cardiac surgery and compared to chest X-ray done on the same day to detect pleural effusion, consolidation, atelectasis and pneumothorax. RESULTS Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy were calculated using standard formulas. lung ultrasonography had overall sensitivity of 60 %, specificity of 72.4%, positive predictive value of 31.9% and negative predictive value of 89.3% and diagnostic accuracy of 70.2% for diagnosing consolidation. Similarly, lung ultrasonography had overall sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 82.6%, positive predictive value of 46.1% and negative predictive value of 98% and diagnostic accuracy of 83.6 % for diagnosing pleural effusion. For atelectasis, ultrasonography had sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 76.9%, positive predictive value of 30.7% and negative predictive value of 88.2% and diagnostic accuracy of 72.3%. No pneumothoraxes were detected during our study period. CONCLUSIONS Lung ultrasound is an alternative non-invasive technique which is able to diagnose pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery with acceptable diagnostic accuracy with no proven complications but with decreasing exposure to ionizing radiation and possibly cost.
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