Notes

Trouble of NIPBL/Scc2 throughout Cornelia de Lange Syndrome provokes cohesin genome-wide redistribution with an impact in the transcriptome.
In contrast, in the cerebellum, stellate cells and Golgi cells were part of the Lbx1 lineage and Purkinje cells were not. Hence, two out of three phenotypically similar cell types differed with respect to their Lbx1 expression. Our study demonstrates that Lbx1 is differentially recruited to the developmental genetic program of inhibitory neurons both within a given tissue and between the DCN and cerebellum. The differential expression of Lbx1 within the DCN and the cerebellum might contribute to the genetic individuation of the inhibitory SCTs to adapt to circuit specific tasks.Understanding why different nations have different homicide and suicide rates has been of interest to scholars, policy makers and the general public for years. Multiple theories have been offered, related to the economy, presence of guns and even exposure to violence in video games. In the current study, several factors were considered in combination across a sample of 92 countries. These included income inequality (Gini index), Human Capital Index (education and employment), per capita gun ownership and per capita expenditure on video games. Results suggest that economic factors primarily were related to homicide and suicide cross-nationally. Video game consumption was not a major indicative factor (other than a small negative relationship with homicides). More surprisingly, per capita gun ownership was not an indicator factor cross-nationally. The results suggest that a focus on economic factors and income inequality are most likely to bear fruit regarding reduction of violence and suicide.
We assessed whether self-descriptions, self-perceptions, perceived substance use of friends, and actual substance use were associated with high school girls' frequency of making social comparisons to peers.

We analyzed data from the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey data for 357 high school girls using multinomial logistic regression.

Compared to those who "never/rarely" made social comparisons, participants who self-described as fearing something constantly (p=.014) and forced to imitate the people they like (p=.009) were more likely to "usually" compare themselves to peers. Participants who described themselves as feeling forced to imitate the people they like (p=.022), were not the person they would like to be (p=.005), and did not remain calm under pressure (p=.010), were more likely to "often/always" make social comparisons. Participants who perceived themselves as unattractive (p=.034) and self-centered (p=.016) were more likely to "often/always" make social comparisons. Participants who perceived a larger proportion of friends use illicit drugs were less likely to "usually" make social comparisons (p=.027). Participants who perceived a larger proportion of friends drink alcohol were more likely to "often/always" make social comparisons (p=.018).

Girls who perceive and describe themselves more negatively are at increased odds of making social comparisons to peers.
Girls who perceive and describe themselves more negatively are at increased odds of making social comparisons to peers.
Alarm fatigue is hypothesized to be caused by vast amount of patient monitor alarms. 6Diazo5oxoLnorleucine Objectives were to study the frequency and types of patient monitor alarms, to evaluate alarm fatigue, and to find unit specific alarm threshold values in a university hospital emergency department.

We retrospectively gathered alarm data from 9 September to 6 October 2019, in Jorvi Hospital Emergency department, Finland. The department treats surgical, internal and general medicine patients aged 16 and older. The number of patients is on average 4600 to 5000 per month. Eight out of 46 monitors were used for data gathering and the monitored modalities included electrocardiography, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry.

Total number of alarms in the study monitors was 28176. Number of acknowledged alarms (ie acknowledgement indicator pressed in the monitor) was 695 (2.5%). The most common alarm types were Respiratory rate high, 9077 (32.2%), pulse oximetry low, 4572 (16.2%) and pulse oximetry probe off, 4036 (14.3%). Number of alarms with duration under 10s was 14936 (53%). Number of individual alarm sounds was 105 000, 469 per monitor per day. Of respiratory rate high alarms, 2846 (31.4%) had initial value below 30 breaths min
. Of pulse oximetry low alarms, 2421 (53.0%) had initial value above 88%.

Alarm sound load, from individual alarm sounds, was nearly continuous in an emergency department observation room equipped with nine monitors. Intervention by the staff to the alarms was infrequent. More than half of the alarms were momentary.
Alarm sound load, from individual alarm sounds, was nearly continuous in an emergency department observation room equipped with nine monitors. Intervention by the staff to the alarms was infrequent. More than half of the alarms were momentary.Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a highly conserved, constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase that is involved in various important biological processes. HIPK2 activates itself by auto-phosphorylation during its synthesis, and its activity is mainly controlled through modulation of its expression by ubiquitin-dependent degradation. By comparing the expression of wild-type and kinase-defective HIPK2, we have recently described a novel mechanism of HIPK2 regulation that is based on preferential co-translational degradation of kinase-defective versus wild-type HIPK2. Here, we have addressed this novel regulatory mechanism in more detail by focusing on the possible involvement of chaperones. Our work shows that HIPK2 is a client of the CDC37-HSP90 chaperone complex and points to a novel role of CDC37 in the co-translational degradation of a client protein.Dragonet fishes (Callionymidae) are benthic inhabitants of shallow waters, even in tidal pools, down to depths below 900 m in all subtropical, tropical and temperate oceans. The family comprises 200 species in 20 genera worldwide, of which 18 species in 6 genera occur in Korea. Classification within the family Callionymidae has been controversial because of the differing proposals of Fricke and Nakabo (Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 1983). For example, Fricke suggested genus Repomucenus and Bathycallionymus, whose genera contains most callionymid species in Korean waters, as junior synonym of genus Callionymus while Nakabo (Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 1983) suggested as valid. In such cases, when classifications of adults have taxonomic contention, examination of larval characters may prove informative. Therefore, in this study, the authors conducted comprehensive molecular and morphological analyses on larvae and juveniles of five species in the genus Repomucenus and discussed their taxonomic status within the family Callionymidae.
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