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IFN-γ-Dependent Recruitment associated with CD4(+) Big t Cellular material as well as Macrophages Plays a role in Pathogenesis In the course of Leishmania amazonensis Contamination.
BACKGROUND Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still a global health threat and the cause of the average of 1.3 million deaths each year. AIM The objective of the research was to analyse the influence of ventilation and nutritional status on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at Langsa, in 2018. METHODS The population was all pulmonary tuberculosis adult patients at Langsa, in 2018, with AFB+ of 315 people, and the samples were 116 patients in the case group and 116 patients in the control group. The data were analysed by using logistic regression with simple logistic regression test and multiple logistic regression tests. RESULTS The result of multiple logistic regression tests showed that there was the influence of nutritional status (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 2.645 (95% CI 1.494-4.683) and ventilation (p ≤ 0.044; OR = 1.816 (95% CI 1.015-3.250) on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. CONCLUSION To break off the chain of pulmonary tuberculosis contagion, it is necessary to increase people's awareness of the importance of healthy life behaviour and healthful home by providing health counselling about the requirement for good nutritional status and ventilation. Copyright © 2019 Muchsin Muchsin, Fazidah Aguslina Siregar, Etti Sudaryati.BACKGROUND The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality continues to increase. Various studies have shown aspirin can reduce CVD mortality but has adverse side effects. Research on a comparison between aspirin and honey has not been done, but both have antiplatelet effects. AIM This study is aimed to prove the antiplatelet effects on honey and compare the antiplatelet effects of aspirin with honey based on the bleeding time in mice. METHODS This study is a true experimental design with a post-test only control group using 32 male mice, Double Ditsch Webster, ± 3 months old, the weight of 20-30 g, divided into 4 groups. Consisting of a negative control group (placebo), aspirin and honey. The suspension has given orally for 12 days using the probe. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine, the University of North Sumatra in September until December 2015. selleckchem The data collected was bleeding time in mice. Data analysed by Shapiro Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. RESULTS The mean bleeding time was a placebo (102.88 seconds), aspirin (369.38 seconds) and honey (304.63 seconds). Mann Whitney test showed significant results in the aspirin and honey groups against the control group (placebo) with p = 0.001. There were no significant differences in the aspirin group against honey (p = 0.172). Honey has an antiplatelet effect in mice. The mean bleeding time in mice given honey is longer or closer to the mean bleeding time in the aspirin group. CONCLUSION The results could be used as a basis for further research to determine its use in humans with cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2019 Sake Juli Martina, Logaselvi A.P. Ramar, Michael R.I. Silaban, Muhammad Luthfi, Pradeepa A.P. Govindan.BACKGROUND Post-operative non-articular tibia fracture several problems that can occur include; pain, muscles atrophy, muscles weakness, joint stiffness, delayed union, and non-union that makes patients limited in their daily activities. Several factors that play a role in the process of fracture healing include osteoblast activity and exercise. Isometric exercises plantar flexor might effectively prevent the problem. Markers of osteoblast activity are bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) levels and Hummer scale callus formation. Not yet known the effect isometric exercise of plantar flexor on osteoblast activity in the post open reduction internal fixation of non-articular tibia fractures, due to the lack of studies in this field. AIM This research was conducted to investigate the effect of isometric plantar flexor on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients post open reduction internal fixation nonarticular tibial fractures. HYPOTHESIS There are differences in osteoblast activity and callusand callus formation that will likely short the healing process time and prevent delayed union or non-union. Copyright © 2019 Nasyaruddin Herry Taufik, Angela Bibiana Maria Tulaar, Nazar Moesbar, Ratna Akbarie Ganie.AIM This study investigated the distribution, characteristics, clinical manifestation and severity of Malaria in East Halmahera, North Maluku. METHODS A retrospective and an observational method were used in this study. Data were obtained through analysing medical records of malaria patients from January to December 2016. RESULTS There were 89 malaria patients enrolled in the study. The cases infected by P. vivax only were 75 cases (84.3%), by P. falciparum only (7, 7.8%), and by both infections (7, 7.8%). The incidence of malaria was higher in July and August 2016 in Cemara Jaya district (18, 20.2%) and Baturaja district (17, 19.1%). While severe malaria was higher in children (4, 28.6%) and pregnant women 2 (100%) by P. vivax infection. CONCLUSION Plasmodium vivax infection was higher than P. falciparum. Severe P. vivax infection was higher than P. falciparum, and most of the cases were in children and pregnant women. Copyright © 2019 Novyan Lusiyana, Anggia Fitria Agustin, Asril Abdul Sa’ad.BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most complicated complications of diabetes patients with Type 2 diabetes. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy based on Clinical Neurological Examination (CNE) and the factors that influence the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy in Type 2 DM patients at Amplas Primary Health Care (PHC) in Medan City. METHODS The research design was descriptive-analytic with the cross-sectional approach. The study population was all Type 2 DM patients who came to Amplas PHC with a total sample of 53 people using the consecutive sampling. The research data source is primary data, namely the assessment of diabetic neuropathy using the Clinical Neurological Examination (CNE) criteria. Data were processed using SPSS and analysis using the chi-square test. RESULTS The results showed the majority of Type 2 DM patients had mild neuropathy as many as 24 people (45.3%). The Chi-square test results showed there was a relationship between age and duration of diabetes with the incidence of diabetic neuropathy in Type 2 DM patients at Amplas Primary Health Care.
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