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This study investigated the associations between some factors related to working from home status (WFHS) and positive/negative experiences due to social distancing and their interactions effects on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A random population-based telephone survey interviewed income-earning adults in the Hong Kong general population during April 21-28, 2020 (n = 200).

Mild to severe depression (according to PHQ-9) was reported by 12% of the participants. The prevalence of WFHS categories was 14% for 3-7days and 13% for ≥ 8days (past 2 weeks). The multivariable regression analysis showed that, social isolation (β = 0.36; p < 0.001), relaxation feeling in daily life (β = - 0.22; p = 0.002), and WFHS ≥ 8days (β = 0.15; p = 0.027), but not perceived huge inconvenience and improved family relationship, were associated with depressive symptoms. Statistically significant interaction effects were found. Some positive experiences buffered the potential harms of some negative experientensive but not mild to moderate ( less then  80%) WFHS may impact depressive symptoms negatively via its direct association with depression; it also moderated the associations between positive/negative experiences due to social distancing and depression. Further research is required to discern the inter-relationships among WFHS, positive/negative experiences of social distancing, and depression to better cope with the stressful pandemic.
Aging can be characterized by increased systemic low-grade inflammation, altered gut microbiota composition, and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The intake of polyphenol-rich foods is proposed as a promising strategy to positively affect the gut microbiota-immune system-intestinal barrier (IB) axis. In this context, we tested the hypothesis that a PR-dietary intervention would affect the presence of bacterial factors in the bloodstream of older adults.

We collected blood samples within a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention trial in which older volunteers (n = 51) received a polyphenol-enriched and a control diet. We quantified the presence of bacterial DNA in blood by qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (16S; bacterial DNAemia). Blood DNA was taxonomically profiled via 16S sequencing.

Higher blood 16S levels were associated with higher BMI and markers of IP, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. PR-intervention did not significantly change bacterial DNAemia in the older population (P = 0.103). Nonetheless, the beneficial changes caused by the polyphenol-enriched diet were greatest in participants with higher bacterial DNAemia, specifically in markers related to IP, inflammation and dyslipidemia, and in fecal bacterial taxa. Finally, we found that the bacterial DNA detected in blood mostly belonged to γ-Proteobacteria, whose abundance significantly decreased after the polyphenol-rich diet in subjects with higher bacterial DNAemia at baseline.

This study shows that older subjects with higher bacterial DNAemia experienced a beneficial effect from a polyphenol-rich diet. Bacterial DNAemia may be a further relevant marker for the identification of target populations that could benefit more from a protective dietary treatment.

This trial was retrospectively registered at www.isrctn.org (ISRCTN10214981) on April 28, 2017.
This trial was retrospectively registered at www.isrctn.org (ISRCTN10214981) on April 28, 2017.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are linked to PCOS. L-Carnitine supplementation as a management strategy for women with PCOS has been proposed. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on insulin resistance, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and lipid profile in overweight/obese women with PCOS was investigated.

This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, was conducted on 62overweight/obese women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive 1000mg/day L-carnitine or placebo (1000mg starch) for 12weeks.

L-Carnitine supplementation compared to the placebo showed a significant improvement in insulin [- 0.7 (- 7.3 to 4.0) vs. 0.7 (- 3.0 to 5.2); P = 0.001], homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [- 0.4 (- 1.7 to 1.1) vs. 0.0 (- 0.7 to 1.3); P = 0.002], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+ 0.01 ± 0.02 vs. - 0.01 ± 0.01; P = 0.02) and a non-significant change toward improvement in SHBG (+ 11.5 ± 40.2 vs. - 3.2 ± 40.2; P = 0.2). However, there was no significant differences between the two groups in serum levels of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P > 0.05).

12-week L-carnitine supplementation in overweight or obese women with PCOS ameliorate insulin resistance, but has no effect on SHBG and lipid profile. Studies with higher dosages and duration of L-carnitine intake are required. The trial was registered on 30 December 2019 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20191016045131N1.

Registered on 30th December 2019 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20191016045131N1).
Registered on 30th December 2019 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20191016045131N1).The subterranean microbiota of plants is of great importance for plant growth and health, as root-associated microbes can perform crucial ecological functions. As the microbial environment of roots is extremely diverse, identifying keystone microorganisms in plant roots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil is a necessary step towards understanding the network of influence within the microbial community associated with roots and enhancing its beneficial elements. GW2580 ic50 To target these hot spots of microbial interaction, we used inter-kingdom network analysis on the canola growth phase of a long-term cropping system diversification experiment conducted at four locations in the Canadian Prairies. Our aims were to verify whether bacterial and fungal communities of canola roots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil are related and influenced by diversification of the crop rotation system; to determine whether there are common or specific core fungi and bacteria in the roots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil under canola grown in different environments and with different levels of cropping system diversification; and to identify hub taxa at the inter-kingdom level that could play an important ecological role in the microbiota of canola. Our results showed that fungi were influenced by crop diversification, which was not the case on bacteria. We found no core microbiota in canola roots but identified three core fungi in the rhizosphere, one core mycobiota in the bulk soil, and one core bacterium shared by the rhizosphere and bulk soil. We identified two bacterial and one fungal hub taxa in the inter-kingdom networks of the canola rhizosphere, and one bacterial and two fungal hub taxa in the bulk soil. Among these inter-kingdom hub taxa, Bradyrhizobium sp. and Mortierella sp. are particularly influential on the microbial community and the plant. To our knowledge, this is the first inter-kingdom network analysis utilized to identify hot spots of interaction in canola microbial communities.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and implemented restrictions on the frequency of pediatric rheumatic diseases remain unknown, while they have probably prevented common infections in children. We present the effects of the COVID-19 on our pediatric rheumatology practice in a main referral center. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients presenting to pediatric rheumatology department in 4 years before March 2020 and compared it to the pandemic year (March 2020-March 2021). Since there was an overall decrease in patient numbers, we calculated the percentage according to the total number of that year. A total of 32,333 patients were evaluated. The mean annual number of patients decreased by 42% during the COVID-19 pandemic. When follow-up visits (25,156) were excluded, there were 2818 new diagnoses of rheumatic diseases. In the pre-pandemic period, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (n = 695, 28.1%) was the most frequent, whereas in the pandemic period multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (n = 68, 19.2%) was the most common diagnosis. There were no significant differences in the percentages of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune diseases, rare autoinflammatory diseases, and other vasculitides. However, there was a significant decrease in patients diagnosed with FMF, IgA vasculitis (IgAV), acute rheumatic fever (ARF), classic Kawasaki disease (KD), and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) (all p  less then  0.05). During the pandemic year, the percentage of most common diseases did not differ. On the other hand, we suggest that the decreases in IgAV, KD (classic), and MAS, which parallels the decrease in ARF, confirm the role of infections in the pathogenesis for these diseases.The aims of the study were to (1) to characterize the breathing pattern and work of breathing during peak exercise in patients with SLE; (2) to examine the extent to which the breathing pattern and work of breathing impact the exercise capacity and fatigue. Forty-one women participated in the study (SLE n = 23, median = 35, range = 21-57 years, control n = 18, median = 38, range = 22-45 years). Each subject performed a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (a modified Bruce treadmill protocol) ending with volitional exhaustion. Breathing mechanic was characterized by measures of expired minute volume (VE), tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (f), work of breathing, and cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified by measures of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and time to exhaustion. Data presented as median and interquartile range (IQR). Women with SLE had lower Vt 1221 [488.8] mL/min vs. 1716 [453.1] mL; p = .006, VE 58.9 [18.9] L/min vs 70 [28.1] L/min, p = 0.04 and increased breathing frequency 51.5 [10.8] vs 43.6 [37.8] bpm, p = 0.01 compared to the control group. The time to exhaustion and peak VO2 during the CPET were significantly reduced in those with SLE compared to controls 13.3 [10.2] vs 16.1 [2.2] min; p = 0.004, 20 [6.1] mL/kg/min vs 26.6 [7] mL/kg/min p  less then  0.001, respectively. Differences remained when the analyses were controlled for the observed differences in peak VO2. When the regression model adjusted for the peak VO2, it had been shown that Vt, WOB and f were explained variances in the fatigue severity by 64% [p  less then  0.001]. The decline in VE and Vt coupled with a decreased peak VO2, and work of breathing may have contributed to low cardiorespiratory fitness and fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.The lipophilic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene is relatively abundant in polluted air and water and can access and accumulate in human tissue. Phenanthrene has been reported to interact with cardiac ion channels in several fish species. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of phenanthrene to interact with hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) encoded Kv11.1 K+ channels, which play a central role in human ventricular repolarization. Pharmacological inhibition of hERG can be proarrhythmic. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of hERG current (IhERG) were made from HEK293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG channels. WT IhERG1a was inhibited by phenanthrene with an IC50 of 17.6 ± 1.7 µM, whilst IhERG1a/1b exhibited an IC50 of 1.8 ± 0.3 µM. WT IhERG block showed marked voltage and time dependence, indicative of dependence of inhibition on channel gating. The inhibitory effect of phenanthrene was markedly impaired by the attenuated inactivation N588K mutation. Remarkably, mutations of S6 domain aromatic amino acids (Y652, F656) in the canonical drug binding site did not impair the inhibitory action of phenanthrene; the Y652A mutation augmented IhERG block.
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