Notes

Areas of cell harm close to pulsed-laser pains.
We report a case of a young male with symptomatic isolated venous macro-aneurysm without any associated systemic disease. Multi modal imaging was useful in making the correct diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, primary isolated venous macro-aneurysm has not been reported previously.Pathologies of the vitreomacular interface are implicated in a variety of sight-threatening clinical entities. The authors present a photo essay of a case of Terson syndrome with a striking premacular dehemoglobinized hemorrhage with ovoid morphology. This unique "vitelliform" finding highlights the distinct structure of the premacular vitreous space and its important implications in both health and disease.Spontaneous closure of a large traumatic macular hole is a rare event. GSK-3484862 cell line We report a case of a large traumatic macular hole in a 16-year-old that closed spontaneously following an epiretinal membrane formation. Centripetal contraction of the membrane resulted in hole closure and subsequent improvement in visual acuity.A patient with an amblyopia and poor vision in the fellow eye experienced iatrogenic globe perforation during peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery. The injection and surgery were immediately aborted. Visual acuity was hand motion, and retinal examination revealed retinal detachment, hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, and submacular hemorrhage. These were initially managed medically until the hemorrhagic choroidal detachment resolved and afterward by combined phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and gas tamponade. Two weeks post operative, the patient achieved the best-corrected visual acuity of around 20/200, which after 1 year of follow-up improved to 20/70.We report a case of refractory secondary ocular hypertension after insertion of dexamethasone implant (OZURDEX) for posterior uveitis in a young patient, which necessitated removal of the implant through pars plana vitrectomy along with a trabeculectomy. A young male developed secondary ocular hypertension following dexamethasone implant (OZURDEX) injection for control of posterior uveitis. As the implant was still present in the vitreous cavity, we successfully performed a pars plana removal of the implant along with trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Early intervention is essential to prevent glaucomatous optic neuropathy in young uveitic patients receiving OZURDEX implant.Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a distinct oculorenal disorder of immune origin and accounts for some cases of unexplained recurrent uveitis. We report three cases of TINU syndrome, one of which had primarily come to us with uveitis. It is the occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis in a patient in the absence of other systemic diseases that can cause either interstitial nephritis or uveitis. TINU syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion. Our aim in reporting these cases is to highlight the association of nephritis and uveitis, which together form a distinct clinical disorder called the TINU syndrome.
Eye injury is a leading cause of unilateral childhood blindness. The purpose of this research was to study the management and visual outcome of pediatric eye injuries necessitating hospitalization and surgical repair.

This is a retrospective study of children having eye injury that needed surgical repair over the period of 2012 and 2017. Demographic data, place of occurrence, activity at the time of injury, place and cause of injury, presenting signs, surgical interventions, visual acuity (VA) before and after surgery, and causes for vision limitations were studied.

Thirty-nine eyes of children were surgically treated. The mean (range) age of the patients was 3 years (1-15 years). Nearly 61.5% were males. Almost 80% of injuries occurred at home and while playing (71.8%). Trauma with sharp objects (35.8%) was the most common cause of injury. Majority presented to the hospital in <6 h (89%), mainly with eye pain (95%). Corneal laceration (53.8%), traumatic cataract (15.3%), and foreign body (15.3%) were the most common clinical findings. Twenty-one (53.8%) eyes sustained open-globe injuries. Fifteen percent had vision of 20/200 or worse at follow-up. The VA improved significantly at follow-up (
< 0.05). The major cause of vision limitation was the cornea (33%).

Eye injury is a major cause of vision loss in children. Despite early presentation to our hospital and prompt interventions, significant number of our pediatric patients sustained limited VA in ruptured globe injuries.
Eye injury is a major cause of vision loss in children. Despite early presentation to our hospital and prompt interventions, significant number of our pediatric patients sustained limited VA in ruptured globe injuries.
The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence, severity and clinical profile of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Omani diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

This is a retrospective study involving the record review of diabetic patients attending the diabetes retina clinic of the National Diabetes and Endocrine Centre in the period between June 2015 and May 2016. Retinal evaluation of 442 native patients was conducted using direct ophthalmological examination and digital photography. DR was graded using the Early Treatment DR Study criteria. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 20.

The estimated total prevalence of DR was 31% (95% confidence interval 26.6-35.3). Mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) constitutes 21.3%, while moderate-to-severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy constitute 4.5% and 5.2%, respectively. The prevalence of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) and diabetic maculopathy was 15.4% and 13.3%, respectively. Retinopathy was significantly associated with age, diabetes duration, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, coexisting comorbidities or complications, systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, and albumin/creatinine ratio. In the regression analysis, age (
= 0.02), duration (
< 0.001), and HbA1c (
< 0.001) were independently associated with DR.

The prevalence of DR and VTDR among Omani diabetics is high. Age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c are the risk factors for the development of DR among Omanis. This emphasizes the importance of planning resources for different modalities of treatment of DR to face the future challenge.
The prevalence of DR and VTDR among Omani diabetics is high. Age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c are the risk factors for the development of DR among Omanis. This emphasizes the importance of planning resources for different modalities of treatment of DR to face the future challenge.
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