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The work of elaboration concerns the narcissistic contracts rooted in intersubjectivity, which allow for a shared life without annihilating healthy individual narcissism in its self-referential and group aspects.In early 1920, Otto Gross published his last book, Three Essays on Internal Conflict, almost at the same time as "Beyond the pleasure principle", in which Freud revised his drive theory. Gross was one of the most brilliant analysts of the "first generation", but he had spent more than 10 years outside the psychoanalytic movement, and no one showed any interest in his publications except Ferenczi, who immediately wrote a critical review that has never been translated into English. Here we present the first English translation of Ferenczi's review, "Otto Gross. Three essays on internal conflict" (1920), first published in Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse. In this review, Ferenczi shows a great deal of interest in the new approach proposed by Gross based on the recently discovered "hospitalism syndrome", identifying the "instinct (or drive) for contact" as the origin of infantile sexuality. This review reveals a key moment in the trajectory of Ferenczi's work, when he took a definitive turn towards investigating early relationships and towards a renewed focus on the trauma factor. This illuminates the rest of his psychoanalytic work and formed the foundations for the attachment and relational approach in psychoanalysis.Psychoanalytic training has been an object of controversy for many years. Arguments have been intense about the details, sometimes called "requirements", and particularly over whether or not training institutes should have routine external validation. We describe these arguments and present preliminary conclusions about the core challenges psychoanalytic trainings face using a unique set of detailed observations collected during structured "conversations" inside nine European institutes. We conclude that whether a psychoanalytic training is "working" is not a matter of compliance with requirements. Rather, it is an issue of how candidates, training analysts, supervisors and committee members, confront within and between each other the consequences of the unconscious dynamics that psychoanalytic training must inevitably create. Institutional psychoanalytic capacity is to take itself as the object. Consequentially, we propose that training committees that seek to claim that their psychoanalytic training is genuinely and safely producing psychoanalysts would be ones that institute routine procedures to show to themselves, transparently, how they attend to the dynamics just mentioned and how they take a neutral inquisitive stance towards them. Fear of oversight, we suggest, is a symptom of deeper anxieties. Abemaciclib order They can be faced by creating an appropriate setting. Properly conducted visits from outsiders are welcomed.The discovery of a compulsion to repeat and its involvement in the elaboration of the second drive theory of the libido and the death drive was fundamental in the evolution of Freud's thought psychic functioning was no longer governed by the pleasure principle alone, and this changed analytic technique. This led in 1923 to a change of topography in order to take into consideration the existence of destructiveness within the mind that Freud had hitherto underestimated.The Repetition Compulsion has been the source of much controversy and perplexity. From it's clinical introduction in 1914 in Remembering, Repeating and Working Through to it's metapsychological elaboration in 1920 in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, it has occupied a central position in Freud's thinking. Especially in regard to his later work, it can be seen to be intrinsic to his final dual instinct theory, his theories of the Death Instinct, trauma, memory, binding and action and to the clinical challenges and theoretical changes that led to the formulation of his second topography. This paper will trace the evolution of the concept in Freud and in certain post-Freudian authors, especially Edward Bibring, Winnicott and Scarfone.The scope of this work is the evaluation of the non-carcinogenic occupational risk related to foundry emissions, focusing on the category of workers involved in olfactometric assessments. Odor pollution from industrial activities such as foundries is a serious environmental concern. Sensorial techniques (e.g. dynamic olfactometry, EN137252003) currently represent the preferred method for odor emission characterization. During olfactometric analyses, human assessors are directly exposed to the odor at increasing concentrations, thus requiring the assessment of the associated exposure risk to guarantee workers' safety. This paper presents an investigation aiming to produce an inventory of compounds emitted from foundries together with their odor thresholds and toxicological limits (TLVs), with the final objective to propose a procedure for ensuring workers' safety during olfactometric analyses. Looking at the database resulting from this study, among the >100 compounds emitted by foundries, 8 have a maximum concentration above their TLV. Among those, ammonia, H2S, phenol, toluene and trimethylamine, produce an odor stimulus before they reach a toxic concentration, thus not representing a risk for olfactometric workers. Benzene, formaldehyde and SO2 are identified as the most critical compounds because they may reach toxic concentrations in foundry emissions, and they start being perceived by humans above their TLV. The proposed procedure entails a minimum dilution factor of 27'000 to be applied to odor samples analyzed by olfactometry, which however might result inapplicable in practical cases, thus pointing out the necessity to adopt chemical measurements to investigate specifically the concentration of the most critical compounds identified in this study.In the biomedical, behavioral and neurobiological sciences reproducibility and replicability of research results have become a major issue. The question is whether attachment research is also plagued by lack of replicability, and if so whether one can speak of a crisis? Furthermore, discussions about the applicability of attachment research findings to policy and (clinical) practice have recently been intensified. The subsequent question arises whether one could even speak of a "translational crisis". In this paper assumptions and conditions of replicability and applicability will be outlined. Some examples of attachment findings lost or found in translation to policy and practice (e.g. on infant crying and parental insensitive responsiveness) will be used to illustrate the challenges and chances of bridging the gap between attachment science and practice.
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