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Special-purpose classical force fields (FFs) provide good accuracy at very low computational cost but their application is limited to systems for which potential energy functions are available. This excludes, e.g., most metal-containing proteins or those containing cofactors. In contrast, the GFN2-xTB semi-empirical quantum chemical method is parameterized for almost the entire Periodic Table. The accuracy of GFN2-xTB is assessed for protein structures with respect to experimental X-ray data. Furthermore, the results are compared with those of two special-purpose FFs, HF-3c, PM6-D3H4X, and PM7. The test sets include proteins without any prosthetic groups as well as metalloproteins. Crystal packing effects are examined for a set of smaller proteins to validate the molecular approach. For the proteins without prosthetic groups, the special purpose FF OPLS-2005 yields the smallest overall RMSD to the X-ray data but GFN2-xTB provides similarly good structures with even better bond-length distributions. For the metalloproteins with up to 5000 atoms, a good overall structural agreement is obtained with GFN2-xTB. The full geometry optimizations of protein structures with on average 1000 atoms in wall-times below one day establishes the GFN2-xTB method as a versatile tool for the computational treatment of various biomolecules with a good accuracy/computational cost ratio.We present a new implementation of DMRG-based tailored coupled clusters method (TCCSD), which employs the domain-based local pair natural orbital approach (DLPNO-TCCSD). Compared to the previous LPNO version of the method, the new implementation is more accurate, offers more favorable scaling and provides more consistent behavior across the variety of systems. On top of the singles and doubles, we include the perturbative triples correction (T), which is able to retrieve even more dynamic correlation. The methods were tested on three systems tetramethyleneethane, oxo-Mn(Salen) and Iron(II)-porphyrin model. The first two were revisited to assess the performance with respect to LPNO-TCCSD. For oxo-Mn(Salen), we retrieved between 99.8--99.9% of the total canonical correlation energy which is the improvement of 0.2% over the LPNO version in less than 63% of the total LPNO runtime. Similar results were obtained for Iron(II)-porphyrin. When the perturbative triples correction was employed, irrespective of the active space size or system, the obtained energy differences between two spin states were within the chemical accuracy of 1 kcal/mol using the default DLPNO settings.Under irradiation in the visible range, the glyoxal-methanol complex in cryogenic argon matrix undergoes a double proton transfer (DPT) reaction through which the glyoxal molecule isomerizes into hydroxyketene. In this work, we employ electronic structure simulations in order to shed more light on the underlying mechanism. Rewardingly, we find that the lowest singlet excited state (S1) of the complex acts as a gateway to two previously unknown isomerization pathways, of which one takes place entirely in the singlet manifold, and the other also involves the lowest triplet state (T1). Both of these pathways are fully compatible with the available experimental data, implying that either or both are operative under experimental conditions. 5-HT Receptor agonist In either pathway, the methanol molecule acts as a proton shuttle between the proton-donating and -accepting sites of glyoxal, resulting in a dramatic lowering of the potential energy barrier to isomerization with respect to the case of isolated glyoxal. The occurrence of DPT in the singlet manifold is demonstrated directly with the use of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations at the spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory level.Herein, we detail an atomic-level investigation of the cutinase enzyme encapsulated within a model metal-organic framework (MOF) platform using quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Cutinase, when encapsulated in an isoreticularly expanded MOF-74 (cutinase@IRMOF-74-VI), was proven to maintain its structural stability at temperatures that would otherwise denature the enzyme in its unprotected native state. Hydrogen bonding and salt bridge interactions, most notably involving arginine residues at the surface of the enzyme, were critical for stabilizing cutinase within the pore channels of IRMOF-74-VI. The findings reported support the viability of enzyme encapsulation in a porous material by demonstrating that a model enzyme not only retains its structural integrity but also remains accessible and active under extreme and foreign conditions.Tetracene-based singlet fission (SF) materials show application prospects as triplet sensitizers in organic optoelectronics. SF involves internal conversion from photoexcited singlet states 1(S1S0) to correlated triplet pair states 1(T1T1). We derive an expression for the internal conversion rate based on the Fermi golden rule with an artificial Lorentzian broadening. The internal conversion rate depends on the interstate vibronic couplings (VCs) and energy difference (ΔESF) between 1(S1S0) and 1(T1T1). Therefore, understanding the interplay between interstate VCs and ΔESF is necessary to reveal how the structure-property relationship affects the SF efficiency. Here, we propose a method to quantitatively analyze interstate VCs between 1(S1S0) and 1(T1T1). We apply this method to SF in ortho-, meta-, and para-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene and identified an effect of interstate VCs on the 1(T1T1) formation rate. The interstate VCs of the meta dimer are remarkably weak, which reasonably explains the experimentally obtained slow 1(T1T1) formation rate. The weak VCs result from a very small overlap density between 1(S1S0) and 1(T1T1) of the meta dimer. Furthermore, we investigate structure-dependence of the 1(T1T1) formation rate of the para dimer and find that the para dimer shows large VCs and small ΔESF when the rotational angle between the two tetracene units is large, which leads to the faster 1(T1T1) formation rate than those of the ortho and meta dimers. The rotation of the tetracene units is the origin of the experimentally observed fast 1(T1T1) formation rate of the para dimer.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/8-oh-dpat-8-hydroxy-dpat.html
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