Notes

Graphic fields and also optical coherence tomography (April) within neuro-ophthalmology: Structure-function link.
ns and deaths, at least at the time that it was introduced, unless infections begin to rise faster than currently seen. The impact appears small compared with all other sources of risk, thereby raising questions regarding the effectiveness of the policy.This review examines the quality and quantity of literature regarding methods that measure efficacy in the context of reported safety of regional anesthesia techniques in preterm and term infants less then 1 year of age. Because the role of anesthesiologists continues to expand outside the operating room, we focused on all relevant settings with assessments that extend beyond 24 hours from the intraoperative period. All study designs were included from a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from 1946 to the end of 2019. A total of 31 studies were included (n = 1038 participants), consisting of five randomized controlled trials and 26 observational studies. Twenty-three studies examined neuraxial procedures, seven studies examined peripheral procedures, and one study examined both. Efficacy measures included pain assessment tools, analgesic use, and factors pertaining to the recovery of patients. Safety was assessed in multiple systems (neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, pathological) and with vital signs and/or measures of systemic toxicity. Evidence in this review establishes that neuraxial and peripheral anesthesia treatments may be applied to neonates and infants with a high degree of safety. However, large gaps in the consistency of methods used to assess pain in these studies underline the need for rigorous prospective efficacy studies of these techniques in this population. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018114466).
Some adults with intellectual disabilities need support to access the Internet. This study explores how support workers understand their role in facilitating Internet access for intimate relationships.

Eight support workers in the West Midlands of the UK were interviewed face-to-face, using semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.

Three main themes emerged; social and organizational dilemmas (including sub-themes of; role and moral positioning, expectations of support, and protected and reflective space), power and position and policy dilemmas.

Support workers said that adults with intellectual disabilities should have access to the Internet for intimate relationships. There was a range of views on whether it was their job to support this. A lack of training in Internet use was highlighted.
Support workers said that adults with intellectual disabilities should have access to the Internet for intimate relationships. There was a range of views on whether it was their job to support this. A lack of training in Internet use was highlighted.
The heart rate (HR) corrected QT interval (QTc) is crucial for diagnosis and risk stratification in the long QT syndrome (LQTS). Although its use has been questioned in some contexts, Bazett's formula has been applied in most diagnostic and prognostic studies in LQTS patients. Selleckchem WAY-100635 However, studies on which formula eliminates the inverse relation between QT and HR are lacking in LQTS patients. We therefore determined which QT correction formula is most appropriate in LQTS patients including the effect of beta blocker therapy and an evaluation of the agreement of the formulae when applying specific QTc limits for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

Automated measurements from routine 12-lead ECGs from 200 genetically confirmed LQTS patients from two Swedish regions were included (167 LQT1, 33 LQT2). QT correction was performed using the Bazett, Framingham, Fridericia, and Hodges formulae. Linear regression was used to compare the formulae in all patients, and before and after the initiation of beta blocking therapy in a subgroup (n=44). Concordance analysis was performed for QTc≥480ms (diagnosis) and ≥500ms (prognosis).

The median age was 32years (range 0.1-78), 123 (62%) were female and 52 (26%) were children ≤16years. Bazett's formula was the only method resulting in a QTc without relation with HR. Initiation of beta blocking therapy did not alter the result. Concordance analyses showed clinically significant differences (Cohen's kappa 0.629-0.469) for diagnosis and prognosis in individual patients.

Bazett's formula remains preferable for diagnosis and prognosis in LQT1 and 2 patients.
Bazett's formula remains preferable for diagnosis and prognosis in LQT1 and 2 patients.
The purpose of this analysis was to examine the influence of weight and disability status on rates of bullying victimisation and perpetration among youth.

Data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, which included 2716 youth (aged 10-17) with and 23 195 without disabilities in the USA were utilised. Parent-reported measures of height and weight, bullying perpetration and victimisation, and demographic covariates analysed. Descriptive statistics, and multivariable logistic regressions with outcomes of bullying perpetration and victimisation, were generated.

In the multivariate analysis, overweight (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.52), obesity (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.83-2.77) and having a disability (aOR = 3.25, 95% CI 2.69-3.92) were related to greater odds of bully victimisation. Both obesity (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.74) and disability (aOR = 2.74, 95% CI 2.00-3.75) were also related to greater odds of bully perpetration in the multivariate model; overweight status was not related to bully perpetration.

Weight status was identified as a characteristic that may increase the risk of bullying victimisation, above and beyond disability. This analysis helps identify that youth with disabilities who are overweight or obese have greater risk factors for bullying and are in need of interventions to ameliorate bullying.
Weight status was identified as a characteristic that may increase the risk of bullying victimisation, above and beyond disability. This analysis helps identify that youth with disabilities who are overweight or obese have greater risk factors for bullying and are in need of interventions to ameliorate bullying.
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